Nephron Structure and Function

What is the primary function of the glomerulus?

Which component of the nephron is responsible for the reabsorption of water and sodium under the influence of hormones?

What structure directly collects glomerular filtrate after it exits the glomerulus?

Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for glucose reabsorption?

How does the structure of the afferent arteriole compare to the efferent arteriole regarding their diameters?

Which function is associated with Henle's Loop?

What is the final structure that collects urine from the collecting tubules?

What type of cells line the collecting tubule?

Nephron Structure and Function

Glomerulus:
- Acts as an ultrafilter, filtering non-colloidal matter from plasma
- High blood pressure facilitates filtration
- High pressure difference between afferent and efferent arterioles
- Arrangement of short, wide afferent and long, narrow efferent arterioles
Bowman's Capsule:
- Collects the glomerular filtrate
- Passes to renal tubule
Renal Tubule:
- Starts at Bowman's capsule
- Divided into four regions:
  - Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
    - Located in the cortex
    - Highly coiled
    - Brush border for reabsorption
    - Reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, water, NaCl, phosphate, and sulphate
  - Henle's Loop:
    - Descends into the medulla in a U-shape
    - Four segments: descending thick segment, descending thin segment, ascending thin segment, ascending thick segment
    - Reabsorbs water, and rest of glucose and bicarbonate
  - Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT):
    - Located in the cortex
    - Coiled
    - Reabsorbs water under influence of ADH and aldosterone hormone
    - Synthesizes NH3, H+
  - Collecting Tubule/Collecting Duct:
    - Collects urine and concentrates it
    - Reabsorbs water and concentrates urine
    - Sends urine to the duct of Bellini
    - Opens at the apex of the kidney pyramids to the renal pelvis
Collecting Duct:
- Receives urine from collecting tubules
- Reaches the renal pelvis

Nephron Function in Urine Formation

Filtration:
- Glomerulus filters the blood in the nephron

Explore the complex structure and function of the nephron, a vital component of kidney function. This quiz covers key elements such as the glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, and the renal tubule, detailing their roles in filtration and reabsorption. Test your knowledge on how these structures work together to maintain homeostasis.