Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the glomerulus?
What is the primary function of the glomerulus?
- Filtration of blood (correct)
- Reabsorption of glucose
- Concentration of urine
- Transport of urine to the renal pelvis
Which component of the nephron is responsible for the reabsorption of water and sodium under the influence of hormones?
Which component of the nephron is responsible for the reabsorption of water and sodium under the influence of hormones?
- Collecting Duct
- Henle's Loop
- Distal Convoluted Tubule (correct)
- Proximal Convoluted Tubule
What structure directly collects glomerular filtrate after it exits the glomerulus?
What structure directly collects glomerular filtrate after it exits the glomerulus?
- Renal Tubule
- Collecting Tubule
- Duct of Bellini
- Bowman's Capsule (correct)
Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for glucose reabsorption?
Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for glucose reabsorption?
How does the structure of the afferent arteriole compare to the efferent arteriole regarding their diameters?
How does the structure of the afferent arteriole compare to the efferent arteriole regarding their diameters?
Which function is associated with Henle's Loop?
Which function is associated with Henle's Loop?
What is the final structure that collects urine from the collecting tubules?
What is the final structure that collects urine from the collecting tubules?
What type of cells line the collecting tubule?
What type of cells line the collecting tubule?
Flashcards
Nephron
Nephron
The functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
Glomerulus
Glomerulus
A tuft of capillaries in the nephron that acts as a filter, forcing water and small solutes into Bowman's capsule.
Afferent Arteriole
Afferent Arteriole
The blood vessel carrying blood to the glomerulus.
Efferent Arteriole
Efferent Arteriole
The blood vessel carrying blood away from the glomerulus.
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Bowman's Capsule
Bowman's Capsule
The cup-shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtered fluid (glomerular filtrate).
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Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
The initial coiled region of the renal tubule, highly specialized for reabsorption of essential substances.
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Henle's Loop
Henle's Loop
The U-shaped loop of the renal tubule, critical for water and salt reabsorption.
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Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
The highly convoluted region of the renal tubule, involved in fine-tuning water and electrolyte reabsorption.
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Collecting Duct (Duct of Bellini)
Collecting Duct (Duct of Bellini)
The final part of the nephron, where urine is collected and transported to the renal pelvis for excretion.
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Glomerular Filtrate
Glomerular Filtrate
The fluid that has been filtered from the blood in the glomerulus.
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Nephron Structure and Function
-
Glomerulus:
- Acts as an ultrafilter, filtering non-colloidal matter from plasma
- High blood pressure facilitates filtration
- High pressure difference between afferent and efferent arterioles
- Arrangement of short, wide afferent and long, narrow efferent arterioles
-
Bowman's Capsule:
- Collects the glomerular filtrate
- Passes to renal tubule
-
Renal Tubule:
- Starts at Bowman's capsule
- Divided into four regions:
- Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
- Located in the cortex
- Highly coiled
- Brush border for reabsorption
- Reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, water, NaCl, phosphate, and sulphate
- Henle's Loop:
- Descends into the medulla in a U-shape
- Four segments: descending thick segment, descending thin segment, ascending thin segment, ascending thick segment
- Reabsorbs water, and rest of glucose and bicarbonate
- Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT):
- Located in the cortex
- Coiled
- Reabsorbs water under influence of ADH and aldosterone hormone
- Synthesizes NH3, H+
- Collecting Tubule/Collecting Duct:
- Collects urine and concentrates it
- Reabsorbs water and concentrates urine
- Sends urine to the duct of Bellini
- Opens at the apex of the kidney pyramids to the renal pelvis
- Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
-
Collecting Duct:
- Receives urine from collecting tubules
- Reaches the renal pelvis
Nephron Function in Urine Formation
- Filtration:
- Glomerulus filters the blood in the nephron
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