Urinary System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary functions of the urinary system?

Production of hormones

Storage of nutrients

Regulation of blood circulation

Excretion of harmful waste products (correct)

Where are the kidneys located in relation to the peritoneum?

On the surface of the peritoneum

Outside the peritoneum (correct)

Within the peritoneum

Above the peritoneum

What is the functional unit of the kidney called?

Nephron (correct)

Ureter

Renal pelvis

Glomerulus

Which substance is NOT prevented from filtering through the glomeruli?

Water Signup and view all the answers

What process in the nephron is responsible for extracting useful substances back into the bloodstream?

Reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the urinary system extends urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

Ureters Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the urge to urinate as the bladder fills with urine?

Nerve receptors in the bladder walls Signup and view all the answers

How long is the female urethra approximately?

3-4 cm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the role of the kidneys is accurate?

The kidneys secrete essential hormones for blood pressure regulation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of tubular reabsorption in the nephron?

To allow the body to retain vital substances like glucose and electrolytes. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the nephron directly filters blood before forming urine?

Glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the glomerular filtration process?

To filter out metabolic wastes and excess substances. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic accurately describes the urinary bladder?

It holds urine until it is excreted via the urethra. Signup and view all the answers

In what way do the ureters assist in urine transport?

They facilitate urine movement through peristalsis. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the presence of proteins in urine indicative of glomerular malfunction?

Glomeruli prevent large substances like proteins from filtering. Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of urine in terms of water and waste?

95% water and 5% waste. Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the process of micturition?

Filling and stretching of the bladder walls. Signup and view all the answers

What element is not part of the nephron's structure involved in urine formation?

Renal pelvis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT affect an individual's immunity?

Hobby Signup and view all the answers

Antigens are solely found on pathogens.

False Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity involves a 'memory' of previous exposures to antigens?

Acquired or Adaptative Immunity Signup and view all the answers

_________ are proteins that attach to specific antigens to identify and block their effects.

Antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Match the following lymphocyte types with their primary function:

T-lymphocytes = Cellular immunity B-lymphocytes = Humoral immunity NK-lymphocytes = Cytotoxicity against cancer and virus-infected cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of plasma cells?

To produce antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Cytotoxic T cells are responsible for promoting the response of other lymphocytes.

False Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity occurs when antibodies are passed from mother to baby?

Natural Passive Immunity Signup and view all the answers

The __________ is a group of proteins that assist antibodies in killing targets.

complements Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of immunity with their descriptions:

Natural Active Immunity = Antibodies created after natural antigen exposure Natural Passive Immunity = Antibodies passed from mother to baby Artificial Active Immunity = Antibodies produced after vaccination Artificial Passive Immunity = Direct administration of antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What kind of immunity involves vaccination?

Artificial Active Immunity Signup and view all the answers

Memory cells can quickly reactivate the immune responses upon re-exposure to an antigen.

True Signup and view all the answers

Name one role of suppressor T cells.

To stop the immune response Signup and view all the answers

_____________ are involved in fighting viruses and cancer cells.

T Lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes artificial passive immunity?

Antibodies directly administered through injection Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Urinary System Functions

The urinary system has two main functions: excreting harmful waste products and regulating homeostasis.

Kidney Structure and Function

Kidneys are located on either side of the spine, outside the peritoneum in the lumbar region.
They filter blood to remove waste, excess water, and salts.
They secrete renin (raises blood pressure), erythropoietin (stimulates red blood cell production), and calciferol (a form of vitamin D).

Nephron Structure and Function

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney.
Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons.
They filter blood and concentrate waste into urine.
A nephron has three parts: glomerulus, glomerular (Bowman) capsule, and renal tubule.

Urine Formation Processes

Glomerular filtration: Filters blood and water through the glomerulus , into the Bowman's capsule. Proteins and blood cells are typically not filtered.
Tubular reabsorption: Essential substances (like salts and sugar) are reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood.
Tubular secretion: Some substances are moved from the blood into the renal tubules (final process).

Urine Composition

Urine is about 95% water and 5% waste products (urea, creatinine, salts, acids, and drugs).
Urea is a waste product that can be toxic if it accumulates.

Urinary Tract Structures

Ureters: Tubes that carry urine from the renal pelvis of each kidney to the bladder. Peristaltic contractions move urine. (approx 25-30 cm long)
Urinary bladder: A hollow, muscular organ that stores urine. Stretches as it fills, triggering a message to the brain to urinate.
Urethra: Carries urine from the bladder to the urinary meatus. Length varies between sexes (females: 3-4 cm, males: 17-20 cm). The male urethra passes through the prostate gland.

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Females are more susceptible to UTIs due to the shorter urethra length, making it harder to flush out bacteria.

Combining Forms

Nephr/o, Ren/o: Kidney
Pyel/o: Renal pelvis
Ureter/o: Ureters
Cyst/o, Vesic/o: Bladder
Urethr/o: Urethra
Ur/o, urin/o: Urine
Meat/o: Opening
Peritone/o: Peritoneum

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Description

Test your knowledge of the urinary system with this quiz that covers its functions, kidney structure and function, nephron components, and urine formation processes. Explore how the kidneys filter blood and maintain homeostasis effectively.