Urinary System Function and Disorders Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the baroreceptors located in the aorta and carotid sinuses?

  • Check blood pressure (correct)
  • Enhance renin release
  • Promote widespread vasoconstriction
  • Increase blood pressure

How does caffeine affect nephron function?

  • Inhibits vasodilation
  • Promotes vasodilation (correct)
  • Stimulates ADH release
  • Promotes Na+ reabsorption

Which hormone is responsible for increasing red blood cell production?

  • Parathyroid hormone
  • Renin
  • Erythropoietin (correct)
  • Aldosterone

What is the primary role of renin in the body?

<p>Increase aldosterone production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is vitamin D synthesized in the body?

<p>Hydroxylation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for urine pH?

<p>$4.5-8.0$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the macula densa within the nephron?

<p>Contract or relax based on osmolarity of plasma fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does anuria, a condition of excreting less than 50 mL of urine per day, typically indicate?

<p>Kidney failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule?

<p>Aldosterone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the ureters in the urinary system?

<p>Prevent reflux of urine back to kidneys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the renal corpuscle in the nephron?

<p>Filter blood and form urine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron plays a key role in reabsorbing water and solutes like sodium and glucose efficiently?

<p>Proximal convoluted tubule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can oliguria, excreting 300-500 mL of urine per day, indicate?

<p>Kidney disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of leukocytes in urine typically manifest?

<p>Urinary tract infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the renal hilum primarily serve as?

<p>Entry and exit point for vessels, nerves, lymphatics, and ureters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does systemic edema occur in relation to renal function?

<p>Too much protein entering filtrate causing lower osmotic pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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