Urinary System and Kidney Structure Quiz

Study Notes

The urinary system includes kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
Kidneys produce urine and are responsible for other urinary functions.
Ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder (a temporary urine reservoir).
Urethra carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Nephrons begin with a renal corpuscle, formed by Bowman's capsule encasing a glomerulus.
The glomerulus is a capillary tuft, formed by afferent and efferent arterioles.

The ureter is approximately 10 inches (25 cm) long.
It extends from the kidney's renal pelvis to the urinary bladder.
It's a thick-walled muscular organ that descends and moves medially on the posterior abdominal wall.
It passes along the lateral pelvic wall and opens into the urinary bladder.

It's a hollow muscular organ where urine is collected.
It has a pyramidal shape.
It has a thick mucous membrane that folds.
The smooth triangular area in the posterior wall is called the trigone.
The trigone lies between the two ureteric openings and the internal urethral opening.
It lies behind the pubis, in front of the rectum in males and in front of the vagina in females.

It extends from the bladder's neck to the exterior.
In females, the urethra is 4 cm long and opens into the vestibule in front of the vaginal orifice.
In males, the urethra is 20 cm long and serves both urinary and genital systems.
The male urethra is divided into three parts: prostatic, membranous, and spongy (penile).

The testicle is formed from seminiferous tubules.
It's located in the scrotal sac outside the abdominal cavity.
It's the primary sex organ in males, and a mixed gland with endocrine and exocrine functions.
The endocrine part produces testosterone and the exocrine part produces sperms.

It's a single duct that arises from the epididymis.
It forms the spermatic cord with spermatic artery and vein.
It ends as a dilated part called the ampulla of vas deferens and is continuous with the epididymis.

Located at the base of the bladder.
The ampulla of vas joins the ducts of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct.

Two glands around the membranous urethra that secrete part of the seminal fluid.

Scrotum: a skin fold divided into two compartments, each one holding a testicle.
Penis: formed of spongy erectile tissue, and the penile urethra passes through it.

Consists of the ovary, uterus, fallopian tube, and vagina.
Ovaries are small almond-shaped glands in the pelvis, involved in producing ovum and hormones estrogen and progesterone.
Uterus has three parts: fundus, body, and cervix.
Uterus is pear-shaped and has a thick wall.
Fallopian tube carries ovum from the ovary to the uterine cavity.
The vagina is a fibro-muscular tube that is highly distensible, with a shorter anterior wall and longer posterior wall. The vaginal opening is at the vestibule.