Urinary & Genital System PDF

Lecture ILOs/ Objectives: By the end of this lecture the student will be able to:  Recognize parts of urinary system..1 Describe shape, position of kidneys, ureters,.2 urinary bladder and urethra. Describe structure of the kidneys..3 Identify male and female urethra..4 Recognize both parts of male...

Lecture ILOs/ Objectives: By the end of this lecture the student will be able to:  Recognize parts of urinary system..1 Describe shape, position of kidneys, ureters,.2 urinary bladder and urethra. Describe structure of the kidneys..3 Identify male and female urethra..4 Recognize both parts of male urethra..5 Urinary system Urinary system  The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.  The kidneys form the urine and account for the other functions attributed to the urinary system.  The ureters carry the urine away from kidneys to the urinary bladder, which is a temporary reservoir for the urine.  The urethra is a tubular structure that carries the urine from the urinary bladder to the outside.  Kidneys  Each kidney is bean shaped  It is about 12cm long, 6cm breadth & 3cm thick.  It has 2 surfaces, 2 borders and 2 poles.  It lies on the posterior abdominal wall.  Each kidney lies obliquely with its upper pole nearer to the middle line than the lower one.  The right kidney lies in a lower position than the left one.  Supra renal gland lies on the upper pole of each kidney.  Structure of the kidney  Fibrous capsule.  Cortex: extends in renal columns between the pyramids.  Medulla: shows pyramids which is dark striated areas.  Notice, each kidney is surrounded by a thick fibro-fatty layer.   Apices of the pyramids are the papilla.  Minor calyces opens in the apex of the papilla and united together to form major calyces.  Major calyces united to form the pelvis of the ureter. Structure of the kidney  Building unit of the kidney (Nephron)  Each nephron begins by a renal corpuscle formed of Bowman’s capsule clasps a glomerulus.  The glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries made by an efferent and afferent arterioles. Building unit of the kidney (Nephron) Ureter Its length is 10 inches (25 cm) extends from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder.  Ureter  It is a thick walled muscular organ.  It descends downwards and medially on the posterior abdominal wall.  Then, it passes on the lateral pelvic wall to open into the urinary bladder.  Urinary bladder  It is a hollow muscular organ where urine is collected.  It is pyramidal in shape.  Urinary bladder  It shows thick mucous membrane which thrown into folds.  A smooth triangular area in the posterior wall called the trigone lies between the 2 ureteric openings and internal uretheral opening.  Urinary bladder  It lies behind the pubis, *in front of rectum in male. * in front of vagina in female.  urethra  It extends from the neck of the bladder to the exterior.  In female: it is 4cm long and opens inferiorly in the vestibule in front of the vaginal orifice.  Male Urethra  In male: it is 20cm long and acts as a common urinary and genital systems.  It is divided into 3 parts: prostatic, membranous and spongy (penile).  Male Urethra  Prostatic part: passes through the prostate and receives the ejaculatory duct.  Membranous part: surrounded by external urethral sphincter.  Spongy part: ends at external urethral orifice. Genital systems Genital systems  Thissystem is concerned with production of germ cells (sperms in male and ovum in female).  Male genital system Testis  It is formed of many of semineferous tubules.  It is present in the scrotal sac outside the abdominal cavity.  It is the primary sex organ in male and it is a mixed gland. The endocrine part secretes hormone teststerone and the exocrine produces sperms.  Epidydmis  Comma shaped mass with a head, body and tail.  It is formed of fine tubules (vasa efferentia).  Vas deferens  A single duct arising from the epidydmis.  It forms the spermatic cord with spermatic artery and vein.  It ends as dilated part called ampulla of vas.  Notice vas deferens is continuous with the epidydmis.  Vas deferens  Ampulla of the vas joins the ducts of seminal vesicle forming the ejaculatory duct.  The ejaculatory duct of both sides open in the prostatic urethera.  Seminal vesicle  It is situated in the base of the bladder.  Ampulla of the vas joins the ducts of seminal vesicle forming the ejaculatory duct.  Prostate  It surrounds the prostatic urethera and secretes part of the seminal fluid.  Bulbo-uretheral glands  Two pin- heads glands around the membranous urethera and secrete part of the seminal fluid.  External genitalia  Scrotum: is a skin fold divided into two compartments, each lodges a testis.  Penis: it is formed of spongy erectile tissue and pass through it the penile urethera.  Female genital system  Female genital system consisted of: 1. Ovary. 2. Uterus. 3. Fallopian (uterine) tube. 4. Vagina.  Ovary  It is the primary sex organ in females.  It is a mixed gland responsible for secretion of estrogen and progesterone hormones and ova production.  It is a small almond shaped gland in the pelvis.  It is pear shaped Uterus thick wall muscular organ.  It is consisted of three parts: 1. Fundus: it is the part above the entrance of uterine tube. 2. Body: is the part below the entrance of uterine tube and forms the main bulk of the uterus. 3. Cervix: is a narrow spindle shaped canal. Its upper end opens in the body and its lower end opens in the vagina. Female genital system  Notice the shape of the ovary.  Parts of the uterus, fundus, body and cervix can be also seen.  Vagina can be also seen.  Fallopian (uterine) tube  Two ducts ( 10 cm each) carry the ova from the ovary to the uterine cavity.  One end is free and opens in the pelvic cavity, then draws the ovum from the ovary by its fimbria towards the other end into the uterine cavity.  Vagina  It is an elastic fibro-muscular tube and highly distensible.  Its anterior wall is shorter( 7 cm) than posterior one (9cm).  Its upper end projected in the cervix and its lower end opens in the vestibule. Thank you