Urinary System and Functions Quiz
50 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

  • Excreting all blood components
  • Filtering and excreting unnecessary blood constituents (correct)
  • Producing hormones related to urine formation
  • Maintaining a consistent body temperature

    • Which of the following terms refers to the involuntary leakage of urine?

  • Incontinence (correct)
  • Enuresis
  • Bacteriuria
  • Oliguria

    • Which factors can influence urination?

  • Occupational hazards
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Geographical location
  • Psychological variables (correct)

    • How do caffeine and alcohol affect urination?

    <p>They promote a diuretic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in bladder function?

    <p>It regulates muscle function and imparts motor impulse to the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason for decreased muscle tone affecting urinary control?

    <p>Advanced age and trauma to muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the recovery of bladder control after catheter removal?

    <p>Muscle strength must improve over time for bladder control to return.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can high sodium content in food lead to regarding urination?

    <p>Retention of fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is considered at higher risk for urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

    <p>Postmenopausal women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What intervention can help maintain urinary system health?

    <p>Drinking 6 to 8 glasses of water daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes transient urinary incontinence?

    <p>Appears suddenly due to illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is crucial for accurate urine culture results?

    <p>Following strict collection techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which urinary incontinence type is characterized by a strong desire to void?

    <p>Urge incontinence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor that can interfere with urine culture accuracy?

    <p>Antibiotic therapy before collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a recommended practice for preventing urinary tract infections?

    <p>Taking baths instead of showers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which urinary incontinence type can be caused by neurological impairment?

    <p>Reflex incontinence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal specific gravity range for urine?

    <p>1.010 - 1.025</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following urine colors indicates a normal finding?

    <p>Amber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum acceptable post-void residual volume in patients aged 65 or older?

    <p>&lt; 100 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention should be performed when measuring urine output?

    <p>Use an appropriate measuring container.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diagnostic procedures involves imaging the urinary system?

    <p>Computed tomography (CT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a routine urinalysis, which of the following should ideally not be present?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For proper hygiene compliance, what should a nurse do after collecting a urine specimen?

    <p>Dispose of gloves properly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one important factor to consider when planning patient goals for urinary health?

    <p>Identifying unhealthy urinary habits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common assessment finding in a client experiencing urinary incontinence after sneezing or coughing?

    <p>Involuntary loss of urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory test is primarily used to evaluate kidney function?

    <p>BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of BUN for adults?

    <p>10-20 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended volume of post-void residual (PVR) urine for considering catheterization?

    <p>50 mL or less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of behavioral modifications for urinary incontinence?

    <p>Kegel exercises and bladder training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pharmacological treatment is specifically mentioned for postmenopausal women experiencing incontinence?

    <p>Topical estrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lifestyle modification should be avoided to help manage urinary incontinence?

    <p>Caffeine and alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical value level for creatinine indicates significant impaired renal function?

    <p>4.0 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of incontinence is characterized by involuntary leakage associated with a sudden urge to urinate?

    <p>Reflex incontinence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is important in the assessment of a patient who has undergone catheterization?

    <p>Document the type of catheter used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for performing perineal care in a patient with an indwelling catheter?

    <p>To prevent catheter-associated infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which position should a female patient be placed for the insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter?

    <p>Dorsal recumbent position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done after the balloon of an indwelling catheter is deflated during removal?

    <p>Gently remove the catheter while providing perineal care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a client with an ileal conduit do immediately after sexual intercourse?

    <p>Try to urinate immediately after intercourse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the ileal conduit procedure is true for the client?

    <p>The client will have to wear an external appliance to collect urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Kegel exercises in managing incontinence?

    <p>They strengthen the pelvic floor muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key nursing care action for a patient with an ostomy?

    <p>Frequent assessment of the condition of the stoma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of catheter is positioned directly in the bladder through the abdominal wall?

    <p>Suprapubic catheter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse document after catheter insertion?

    <p>Size and type of catheter inserted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of patient education for urinary diversion?

    <p>Advise the client to keep their stoma covered at all times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for the daily fluid intake of a patient with an indwelling catheter?

    <p>2-3 liters daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect should be assessed frequently in a client with an ileal conduit?

    <p>Intake and output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice should be avoided to ensure proper care for patients with indwelling catheters?

    <p>Changing the catheter frequently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly observed in the urine of clients with an ileal diversion?

    <p>Mucous shreds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing diagnosis would be appropriate for a client experiencing incontinence?

    <p>Risk for infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse note when caring for a client with a urinary diversion?

    <p>Changes in urine color, odor, or clarity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Urinary Elimination

    • Urinary System Function: Kidneys filter and excrete waste from blood, maintaining body fluid composition and volume.

    • Nephrons: Functional units of kidneys; maintain fluid balance via selective secretion of water and electrolytes.

    • Urine Composition: Urea, creatinine, uric acid are end products of metabolism.

    Urinary System Terms

    • Anuria: Absence of urine.
    • Bacteriuria: Bacteria in the urine.
    • Enuresis: Involuntary urination.
    • Condom Catheter: External catheter for men.
    • Glycosuria: Glucose in the urine.
    • Incontinence: Inability to control urination.
    • Hematuria: Blood in the urine.
    • Kegel Exercises: Strengthen pelvic floor muscles.
    • Micturation: Urination.
    • Nephrotoxic: Substances damaging kidneys.
    • Nocturia: Frequent urination at night.
    • Oliguria: Decreased urine output.
    • Polyuria: Excessive urine production.
    • Proteinuria: Protein in the urine.
    • PVR: Post-void residual urine volume.
    • Pyuria: Pus in the urine.
    • Specific Gravity: Measure of urine concentration.
    • Sepsis: Serious systemic infection.

    Urinary System Anatomy

    • Ureter: Transports urine from kidneys to bladder.
    • Bladder: Muscular organ storing urine.
    • Sphincter (internal and external): Muscles controlling urine release.

    Factors Affecting Urination

    • Developmental age: Influences bladder control.
    • Aging: Associated with bladder changes and decreased tone.
    • Fluid and food intake: Affects urine volume.
    • Psychological variables: Anxiety can affect urination.
    • Activity and muscle tone: Influences bladder sensation and control.
    • Pathologic conditions: Diseases impacting urination.
    • Medications: Some drugs increase or decrease urination.
    • Caffeine: Diuretic effect.
    • Alcohol: Diuretic effect.
    • High sodium content: Fluid retention.

    Urinary Control Issues

    • Decreased muscle tone: Due to childbirth, decreased estrogen levels, or trauma.
    • Indwelling catheters: Can impair bladder function.

    Urinary System Diseases

    • Congenital urinary tract abnormalities
    • Polycystic kidney disease
    • Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
    • Urinary calculi (kidney stones)
    • Hypertension (high blood pressure)
    • Diabetes mellitus
    • Gout
    • Connective tissue disorders

    Effects of Medications

    • Diuretics: Prevent water reabsorption.
    • Cholinergic medications: Stimulate bladder contraction.
    • Analgesics and tranquilizers: Suppress CNS, reducing effectiveness of neural reflex.
    • Nephrotoxic drugs (aspirin, ibuprofen): Damage kidneys.
    • Antibiotics (gentamicin): Potential kidney damage.

    Medications Affecting Urine Color

    • Anticoagulants: Red urine.
    • Diuretics: Pale yellow urine.
    • Pyridium: Orange-red urine.
    • Elavil: Green or blue-green urine.
    • Levodopa: Brown or black urine

    Assessing Urinary Alterations

    • Questioning client: Regarding symptom history, severity, and precipitating factors.
    • Physical assessment: Of bladder, urinary meatus, skin, and measuring intake and output.

    Diagnostic Procedures

    • Box 37-2
    • Cystoscopy
    • Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
    • Retrograde pyelogram
    • Renal ultrasound
    • Computed Tomography (CT)
    • Renal biopsy

    Assessing Urine

    • Volume: 1200-1500 mL/day (adults).
    • Color and clarity: Straw, amber, transparent.
    • Odor: Faint aromatic.
    • Sterility: No microorganisms.
    • pH: 4.5-8.
    • Specific gravity: 1.010-1.025.
    • Glucose: Absent.

    Urine Specimens

    • Routine urinalysis
    • Clean-catch or midstream specimen
    • Sterile specimen
    • 24-hour urine specimen
    • Point-of-care or dipstick urine

    Post-Void Residual (PVR)

    • Incomplete bladder emptying diagnosed by post-void catheterization.
    • A volume of <50 ml is considered normal.
    • <100ml acceptable in patients 65 or older.

    Types of Catheters

    • Condom catheter
    • Intermittent (straight)
    • Indwelling (Foley)
    • Suprapubic

    Catheterization Reasons

    • Relieving urinary retention
    • Obtaining a sterile urine specimen
    • Obtaining a urine specimen when usual methods are not possible
    • Emptying the bladder before, during, or after surgery
    • Monitoring critically ill patients

    Urinary Diversion Supplies

    • Sterile urinary catheter kit
    • Catheter sizes: 14F-16F (adult), 5F-8F (infants), 8F-12F (children).
    • Balloons: 5ml, 10ml

    Urinary Diversion Positions

    • Female: Dorsal recumbent, Sims, lateral.
    • Male: Supine, thighs apart.

    Urinary Diversion Procedure Documentation

    • Size and type of catheter
    • Amount of sterile water inserted into balloon
    • Patient's tolerance
    • Amount of urine initially collected.
    • Urine characteristics
    • Abnormal perineal skin changes

    Indwelling Catheter Removal

    • Empty collection bag.
    • Deflate balloon.
    • Have patient take deep breaths to relax.
    • Gently remove catheter.
    • Perform perineal care.
    • Document.
    • Notify primary care provider if needed.

    Nursing Care for Indwelling Catheters

    • Fluid intake: Encourage 2-3 liters of fluid daily.
    • Hand hygiene
    • Diet: Encourage foods that create acidic urine.
    • Perineal care: Mild soap and water.
    • Catheter and drainage system changes: Only when necessary.
    • Sterile closed drainage system: Maintain.
    • Catheter removal: As soon as possible.
    • Avoid baths: Take showers.

    Catheter Care

    • Wash hands: Before and after care of client.
    • Clean the perineal area: Thoroughly.
    • Cleanse the catheter: Gently from the meatus outward.
    • Avoid powders and lotions.
    • Fluid intake: Maintain fluid intake, as this aids in preventing/treating infections.
    • Assess urine volume and character: Daily.
    • Maintain a closed system: Throughout urine collection.
    • Measure intake and output: Daily.
    • Keep collection bag below bladder: To prevent backflow of urine.

    UTI Risk Factors

    • Sexually active women
    • Women using diaphragms
    • Postmenopausal women
    • Individuals with indwelling catheters
    • Individuals with diabetes mellitus
    • Elderly people

    UTI Signs and Symptoms

    • Hematuria (blood in urine)
    • Dysuria (painful urination)
    • Urinary frequency or urgency
    • Cloudy urine
    • Foul-smelling urine
    • Presence of bacteria in clean-catch specimen

    Urinary Diversion - Ileal Conduit

    • Ileal conduit: Incontinent diversion.
    • Stoma: Opening where the tubes are connected for urine removal.
    • Surgical procedure: Creates a connection between the ureters and the ileum, creating a new pathway for urine.

    Urinary Diversion - Continent Reservoir and Mitrofanoff

    • Continent reservoir and Mitrofanoff: Continent diversion procedures.
    • Urinary diversion: Changes the flow of urine from the kidneys to another location.
    • Stoma: External opening.

    Patient Education for Urinary Diversion

    • Explain reason for diversion: And rationale for treatment.
    • Demonstrate effective self-care behaviors
    • Describe follow-up care resources.
    • Report where supplies are obtainable
    • Verbalize related fears and concerns.
    • Demonstrate positive body image.

    Nursing Care of the Ostomy

    • Assess the stoma.
    • Assess intake and output.
    • Keep the client free of odors.
    • Note any changes in urine color, odor, or clarity (mucoid shreds).
    • Frequently assess stoma and surrounding skin.
    • Encourage the client to participate in care and monitor the stoma.

    Hazards of Urethral Catheterization

    • Sepsis (infection)
    • Trauma

    Older Adult and Urinary Concerns

    • Incomplete bladder emptying
    • Decreased sphincter control
    • Bladder-outlet obstruction (e.g., enlarged prostate)
    • Pelvic floor relaxation (e.g. estrogen depletion)
    • Reduced renal blood flow

    Health Care-Associated Infections (HAIs)

    • Nosocomial: Originating in a hospital setting.
    • Exogenous: Acquired from an external source.
    • Endogenous: Originating from the patient's own flora.
    • Iatrogenic: Caused by a medical procedure.

    HAIs - Target Areas

    • Urinary tract infections
    • Surgical site infections
    • Bloodstream infections
    • Pneumonia

    UTI - Leading Cause

    • Leading cause of morbidity and healthcare expenditures in all ages
    • About 1/2 of all patients with indwelling catheters become infected within 1 week of insertion.
    • Women are more likely to develop UTIs.

    Patients At Risk For UTIs

    • Sexually active women
    • Women using diaphragms
    • Post-menopausal women
    • Individuals with indwelling urinary catheters
    • Individuals with diabetes mellitus
    • Elderly people

    Bladder Irrigations

    • Continuous Bladder Irrigations: Often done to help keep a catheter from becoming blocked.

    Nursing Diagnoses

    • Urinary functioning as the problem: Urinary incontinence; Pattern alteration; Urinary retention.
    • Urinary functioning as the etiology: Anxiety; Caregiver role strain; Risk for infection.

    Evaluation

    • Regular voiding patterns
    • Emptying bladder completely at regular intervals without discomfort.
    • Provide care for urinary diversion and knowing when to notify health care provider.
    • Correct unhealthy habits.
    • Develop a plan to modify any factors contributing to current urinary problems.

    Irrigating Indwelling Catheter

    • Procedure to clean and clear urine blockages.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Urinary Elimination Fall23 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the urinary system, including the functions of kidneys and the important terms related to urinary elimination. This quiz covers everything from urine composition to various urinary disorders. Perfect for students studying the biological sciences and health-related fields.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser