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Questions and Answers
Who is credited with the first artificial synthesis of urea?
Which term is used interchangeably with 'ornithine cycle'?
Where does the primary synthesis of urea take place in mammals?
What is the end product of protein metabolism?
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Why is it important to convert ammonia into urea in the urea cycle?
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Which molecule provides the additional nitrogen to form argininosuccinate in the urea cycle?
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During prolonged starvation, what happens to the synthesis of urea cycle enzymes and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS-I) in the liver?
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What is the overall chemical balance of the biosynthesis of urea?
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What are the consequences of deficiencies of urea cycle enzymes?
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In infants born with total deficiency of one or more urea cycle enzymes, what may result from late detection of symptoms?
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Study Notes
Urea Cycle
- Friedrich Wöhler is credited with the first artificial synthesis of urea.
- The term 'ornithine cycle' is used interchangeably with 'urea cycle'.
Urea Synthesis
- Primary synthesis of urea takes place in the liver of mammals.
Protein Metabolism
- Urea is the end product of protein metabolism.
Importance of Urea Cycle
- It is important to convert ammonia into urea in the urea cycle to prevent ammonia toxicity.
Urea Cycle Process
- Aspartate provides the additional nitrogen to form argininosuccinate in the urea cycle.
Regulation of Urea Cycle Enzymes
- During prolonged starvation, the synthesis of urea cycle enzymes and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS-I) in the liver is increased.
Urea Biosynthesis
- The overall chemical balance of the biosynthesis of urea is 2 NH3 + CO2 → H2O + H2N-CO-NH2 (urea).
Deficiencies of Urea Cycle Enzymes
- Consequences of deficiencies of urea cycle enzymes include hyperammonemia, respiratory alkalosis, and mental retardation.
Clinical Significance
- In infants born with total deficiency of one or more urea cycle enzymes, late detection of symptoms may result in death or irreversible brain damage.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the urea cycle and the history of urea discovery from a biochemistry perspective. Explore the contributions of scientists like Herman Boerhaave and Friedrich Wohler to the understanding of urea synthesis.
