Cough and Cold

<p>Frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with infected individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rhinovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viral rhinitis and influenza can lead to pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased fluid intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Annual influenza vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Have the patient back to normal life after 5-7 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Within 9 days of onset</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peritonsillar abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever is common in adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influenza is caused by influenza A or B virus, while the common cold is caused by a variety of viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Up to 3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Influenza is more likely to lead to bacterial complications compared to the common cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial rhinosinusitis is suggested when sinus symptoms do not improve within 10 days or worsen after 5–7 days, accompanied by nasal obstruction or purulence, and facial pain/pressure/fullness or hyposmia/anosmia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most cases of rhinosinusitis are viral and are self-limiting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GI symptoms may occur in up to 30% of cases, depending on the infecting strain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients at risk of complications according to the Assessment of Patients with Upper Respiratory Tract Symptoms, Table 1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sore throat is common to many URTIs and usually does not require specific treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are intended to supplement regular handwashing when water is not readily available and hands are not visibly soiled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Annual influenza vaccination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coughing or sneezing into an arm, sleeve, or tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It should be promptly thrown away, and hands should be washed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The vaccines are modified each year based on the expected circulating viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It lasts for more than 4 weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viral and bacterial infections disrupt the evacuation of microorganisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only a small percentage (0.5-2%) of episodes of viral rhinosinusitis are complicated by acute bacterial infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vaccination is the most effective strategy for preventing the spread of viral rhinitis and influenza.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bed rest and hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bed rest, good hydration, and increased humidity (&gt;50%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reports of exogenous lipoid pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetaminophen and NSAIDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is associated with Reye syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saline-based products</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To alleviate congestion symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children and adolescents</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single doses of nasal decongestants are moderately effective in relieving nasal congestion in adults.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Petrolatum can lead to exogenous lipoid pneumonia if chronically inhaled</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saline-based solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To alleviate nasal congestion and obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ASA is associated with Reye syndrome in children and adolescents with viral illnesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bed rest, hydration, and increased humidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single doses of decongestants are moderately effective, and their use for a few days is reasonable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a lack of rigorous evidence, limiting the ability to make confident treatment recommendations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is no published evidence that decongestants are effective in children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symptomatic treatment, as there is no effective antiviral cure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decongestants, alone or in combination with antihistamines, are used to treat symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decongestants should be used continuously until symptoms resolve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single doses are moderately effective, but multiple dosing studies are conflicting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotics are recommended as the first-line treatment for viral rhinitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be used for relief of fever &gt;38.5°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Handwashing and avoiding close contact with infected individuals are the most effective strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals with chronic medical conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intranasal zinc has been associated with long-term or permanent loss of smell and is not recommended</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of oil-based products like petrolatum for irritated nasal tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To alleviate symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decongestants should be used with caution in children due to potential side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vaccination against influenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zenker diverticulum (esophageal pouch)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential to reduce postnasal drip</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their side effects outweigh potential benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centrally in the brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dry mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lack significant anticholinergic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of petrolatum for irritated nasal tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bronchodilators</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NSAIDs have no effect on cough symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing fluid intake and using humidified air</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using over-the-counter pain relievers and fever reducers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water-based moisturizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ACCP guideline discourages the use of centrally acting cough suppressants in upper respiratory tract infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They suppress cough counts by 40-60% in COPD patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dextromethorphan may cause dependence due to its abuse potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their efficacy and safety have not been conclusively proven through research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using alcohol-based hand sanitizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of these products cannot be recommended until further evidence becomes available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adequate hydration with oral liquids and inhalation of humidified air</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The risk of botulism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acting to decrease cough by a demulcent effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of zinc preparations for common cold symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreasing the sensitivity of peripheral nociceptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is conflicting evidence on the efficacy of zinc lozenges for common cold symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever is a physiologic response involving a new thermal set-point, while hyperthermia involves an increase in heat production without a change in the thermoregulatory set-point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediately by a healthcare practitioner</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A new thermal set-point for body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyperthermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rectal thermometry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral thermometry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intravascular</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature measurement error can occur with any method.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tympanic temperature measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anatomic sites have different temperatures, so all temperature measurements are only approximations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hand hygiene is the most effective strategy for preventing the spread of viral rhinitis and influenza.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever involves an increase in the thermoregulatory set-point, while hyperthermia does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adjusting both heat production and heat loss to maintain homeostasis at a higher temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever is a mechanism to increase the body's metabolic rate and energy expenditure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral thermometry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different anatomic sites have different temperatures, so all temperature measurements are approximations of 'body' temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To counteract the body's attempt to maintain a higher temperature set-point</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may be absorbed through the skin, inhaled, or accidentally ingested by the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Applying ice packs or cooling blankets to the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convection methods, such as using fans directed over ice, can be used to transfer heat away from the skin surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical cooling methods are less effective at lowering the hypothalamic set-point</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sponging with tepid or cold water uses evaporation to dissipate body heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical cooling methods are less effective at lowering the hypothalamic set-point</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol-based sponging has been associated with hypoglycemia, intoxication, and coma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect the fetus from the metabolic demands of fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreasing prostaglandin synthesis in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have minimal side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluctuations in body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To alleviate discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consideration only for febrile children who appear distressed or unwell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature may not accurately reflect disease progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated likelihood of neural tube defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can interfere with labor and cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition of platelet aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has minimal impact on the closure of the ductus arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It crosses the placenta but doesn't have harmful effects when used in therapeutic doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both acetaminophen and ibuprofen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure appropriate dosing and monitor for side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Take their temperature to determine the initial reading</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the patient has undergone chemotherapy recently</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Seek medical attention as an underlying cause may need evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a risk of parental confusion leading to dosing errors and potential toxicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ask them to repeat the instructions back to you and consider demonstrating the correct use of the dosing device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple miscalculated overdoses represent an important cause of acetaminophen toxicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NSAIDs have a higher risk of gastrointestinal and renal toxicity in this population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Explain that comfort is the primary goal, not achieving a specific temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ASA is not recommended due to the potential increased risk of Reye syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anesthetics do not effectively target the underlying pathophysiology of cough.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The potential benefit of inhaled corticosteroids for cough after respiratory infections requires further study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bronchodilators are only indicated for the treatment of obstructive lung diseases like asthma or COPD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The active ingredients in these products are not approved for use in children by Health Canada.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce nasal congestion and improve nasal airflow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>While some studies have shown benefit, the evidence is conflicting, and their efficacy remains inconclusive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treatment of the underlying condition, such as treating the reflux itself in GERD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initiate a discussion about smoking cessation strategies, as smokers are prime candidates for this intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their use cannot be recommended until further evidence becomes available, due to the lack of evidence supporting their use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their use is frequently employed depending on the presence or absence of mucus (sputum) production, despite a lack of evidence to support their use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a lack of evidence for the effectiveness of these drugs, as demonstrated by numerous systematic reviews.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Annual influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza and its complications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They act centrally on the brainstem to inhibit motor control of cough.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are not recommended due to lack of evidence for efficacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a lack of evidence to support their efficacy in thinning sputum or increasing sputum volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two meta-analyses have concluded there is insufficient evidence to recommend zinc preparations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Products containing antihistamines are no longer recommended due to lack of evidence demonstrating efficacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are effective, suppressing cough counts by 40-60%, and may be used for short-term relief.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may have a small effect on cough caused by upper respiratory tract infections due to their anticholinergic properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adequate hydration with oral liquids and inhalation of humidified air</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The placebo effect can be significant and should be considered.</p> Signup and view all the answers