60 Questions
What is a common symptom of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI)?
Low-grade fever
Why are children more likely than adults to get upper respiratory tract infections?
They have weaker immune systems
What is a characteristic sign of severe upper respiratory tract infections?
Rapid breathing
Which test is commonly used for diagnosing upper respiratory tract infections?
Pulmonary function test (PFT)
What is the primary approach to treating upper respiratory tract infections in adults?
Symptom-based therapy
What does bronchiolitis result in due to the accumulation of mucus inside the respiratory passages?
Impaired respiration
Which respiratory condition is more common in young children under the age of 2 and exhibits symptoms such as runny nose, coughing, and fast breathing with wheezing?
Pneumonia
Which respiratory condition can be caused by viral infections like the cold or influenza, and occasionally by bacterial infections?
Bronchiectasis
Which respiratory condition is characterized by narrowing of the bronchial lumens, coughing with phlegm, and shortness of breath?
Bronchitis
Which respiratory condition presents symptoms such as chronic cough lasting for a duration exceeding three weeks, recurrent chest infections, and discomfort in the chest region?
Bronchiectasis
Which respiratory condition causes swelling and fluid in the lungs, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and fever?
Pneumonia
Which respiratory condition is characterized by excess mucus buildup, making the lungs more susceptible to infection?
Bronchiectasis
Which respiratory condition is caused by airborne bacteria and presents symptoms such as coughing, fever, fatigue, and loss of weight and appetite?
Tuberculosis
Which respiratory condition is a breathing disorder caused by inflammation and muscular stiffness around the airways?
Asthma
Which respiratory condition is characterized by obstruction of the airways and associated breathing difficulties?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Which respiratory condition is more frequent among those aged 44 to 65 and often manifests with flu-like symptoms?
Bronchitis
Which respiratory condition lacks definitive treatment but its symptoms may be successfully controlled using medication, exercise regimens, and surgical procedures?
Bronchiectasis
What is the most common long-term illness in children that causes attacks lasting anywhere from a few minutes to many hours or even days?
Asthma
What is a common symptom of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)?
Coughing with crimson mucus
Which test is commonly used for diagnosing Pulmonary Embolism (PE)?
Ventilation-perfusion scan (V/Q scan)
What is a characteristic sign of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
Pulse palpitations
What is a common symptom of Pulmonary Hypertension?
Leg ache or edema
Which respiratory condition causes lung tissue to become dense and rigid due to unknown reasons?
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)
What is a common symptom of COPD?
Breathlessness that intensifies with exertion
Which medication is known as an anti-fibrotic agent for treating Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Nintedanib
Which of the following is a symptom of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI)?
Shortness of breath and coughing with phlegm
Why are children more likely than adults to get upper respiratory tract infections?
They go to school in winter and fall
What is a characteristic sign of severe upper respiratory tract infections?
Coughing with phlegm and shortness of breath
Which test is commonly used for diagnosing upper respiratory tract infections?
Nasal and throat swab
What is the primary approach to treating upper respiratory tract infections in adults?
Symptom-based therapy
What causes lung tissue to become dense and rigid due to unknown reasons?
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
Which respiratory condition is characterized by narrowing of the bronchial lumens, coughing with phlegm, and shortness of breath?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
What is a common symptom of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?
Difficulty breathing and chest pain
Which respiratory condition causes swelling and fluid in the lungs, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath and chest pain?
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
What is a common symptom of pulmonary hypertension?
Shortness of breath and chest pain
What is a characteristic sign of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?
Difficulty breathing and bluish discoloration of the skin
Which test is commonly used for diagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE)?
Chest x-ray or CT scan
What respiratory condition is more frequent among those aged 44 to 65 and often manifests with flu-like symptoms?
Bronchitis
Which test is commonly used for diagnosing Tuberculosis?
Tuberculin Skin Test (TST)
What is a common symptom of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)?
Chest pain when coughing
Which respiratory condition can be caused by viral infections like the cold or influenza, and occasionally by bacterial infections?
Bronchitis
What respiratory condition presents symptoms such as chronic cough lasting for a duration exceeding three weeks, recurrent chest infections, and discomfort in the chest region?
Bronchiectasis
Which respiratory condition is characterized by narrowing of the bronchial lumens, coughing with phlegm, and shortness of breath?
Bronchiectasis
What is a common symptom of severe upper respiratory tract infections?
Cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin)
Which test is commonly used for diagnosing Pulmonary Embolism (PE)?
HRCT (High Resolution Computed Tomography)
What is a characteristic sign of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
Tachypnoea (rapid breathing)
What respiratory condition causes lung tissue to become dense and rigid due to unknown reasons?
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)
Which respiratory condition lacks a definitive treatment but its symptoms may be successfully controlled using medication, exercise regimens, and surgical procedures?
Bronchiectasis
What is the most common long-term illness in children that causes attacks lasting anywhere from a few minutes to many hours or even days?
Asthma
What is a common symptom of COPD?
Shortness of breath, cough with phlegm, chest tightness, and wheezing
Which test is commonly used for diagnosing Pulmonary Embolism (PE)?
Ventilation-perfusion scan (V/Q scan)
What is a characteristic sign of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
Severe shortness of breath and low blood oxygen levels
What is a common symptom of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)?
Fast, shallow breathing and aching joints
Which respiratory condition causes lung tissue to become dense and rigid due to unknown reasons?
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)
What is a common symptom of Pneumothorax?
Stabbing pain and dry cough
Which respiratory condition is characterized by narrowing of the bronchial lumens, coughing with phlegm, and shortness of breath?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
What is the primary approach to treating upper respiratory tract infections in adults?
Antibiotics
Which respiratory condition causes swelling and fluid in the lungs, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and fever?
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
What is a characteristic sign of severe upper respiratory tract infections?
Shortness of breath and wheezing
What is a common symptom of Pulmonary Hypertension?
Shortness of breath and chest pain
Study Notes
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI)
- A common symptom of URTI is a runny nose.
- Children are more likely than adults to get URTI due to their immature immune systems and frequent exposure to viruses.
- A characteristic sign of severe URTI is difficulty breathing.
- The primary approach to treating URTI in adults is to manage symptoms and let the body fight off the infection.
Bronchiolitis
- Bronchiolitis results in the accumulation of mucus inside the respiratory passages, leading to breathing difficulties.
- It is more common in young children under the age of 2 and exhibits symptoms such as runny nose, coughing, and fast breathing with wheezing.
Respiratory Conditions
- Chronic bronchitis is characterized by narrowing of the bronchial lumens, coughing with phlegm, and shortness of breath.
- Bronchiectasis presents symptoms such as chronic cough lasting for over three weeks, recurrent chest infections, and discomfort in the chest region.
- Pneumonia causes swelling and fluid in the lungs, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and fever.
- Cystic fibrosis is characterized by excess mucus buildup, making the lungs more susceptible to infection.
- Tuberculosis is caused by airborne bacteria and presents symptoms such as coughing, fever, fatigue, and loss of weight and appetite.
- Asthma is a breathing disorder caused by inflammation and muscular stiffness around the airways.
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by obstruction of the airways and associated breathing difficulties.
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) causes lung tissue to become dense and rigid due to unknown reasons.
- Pulmonary hypertension is a common symptom of IPF.
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by a sudden onset of respiratory failure.
- Pulmonary embolism (PE) is often diagnosed using a CT scan or ventilation-perfusion scan.
Other Respiratory Conditions
- Bronchiolitis obliterans is a breathing disorder caused by inflammation and muscular stiffness around the airways.
- Emphysema is a respiratory condition that causes lung tissue to become damaged and is characterized by shortness of breath.
- Pneumothorax is a respiratory condition that causes air to leak into the space between the lungs and chest wall, leading to symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath.
Diagnosing Respiratory Conditions
- The primary diagnostic test for tuberculosis is a chest X-ray or Mantoux test.
- A chest X-ray or CT scan is commonly used to diagnose pneumonia.
- A spirometry test is commonly used to diagnose COPD.
- A bronchoscopy or biopsy may be used to diagnose IPF.
- An echocardiogram is commonly used to diagnose pulmonary hypertension.
- A chest X-ray or CT scan may be used to diagnose ARDS.
- A ventilation-perfusion scan or CT scan may be used to diagnose pulmonary embolism.
Test your knowledge on upper respiratory tract infections, including their disease mechanism, epidemiology, time course, symptoms, signs, diagnosis tests, treatment, and prognosis. Learn about the causes, prevalence, and onset of symptoms in children and adults.
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