Upper Limb Anatomy Quiz

Abducts the glenohumeral joint (arm)

Externally rotates the glenohumeral joint

Externally rotates the glenohumeral joint

Internally rotates the glenohumeral joint

Internally rotates, adducts, and extends the glenohumeral joint

Located inside the subacromial joint and covers the top of the subscapularis tendon.

Space between scapula and thoracic cage, allowing scapula movement and preventing muscle friction.

Connects coracoid process to humerus, providing glenohumeral joint stability, and guiding the biceps tendon.

Prevent excess shoulder movement and dislocation, like over-extension, with the inferior ligament being crucial against abduction.

Long head presses humerus downward to prevent upper dislocation, short head presses it upwards to prevent lower dislocation.

Originates from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula.

Originates from the coracoid process of the scapula.

Inserts into the radial tuberosity on the radius.

A true joint connecting the upper limb (clavicle) to the thorax (sternum).

Ligaments connecting the clavicle to the acromion, maintaining stability.

Connects the clavicle to the first rib, crucial for the sternoclavicular joint.

Ligaments connecting the sternum to the clavicle, providing strength and limiting movement.

Fluid-filled sac in the subacromial space, enabling smooth muscle movement.

Space under the acromion where the subacromial bursa is located, important for rotator cuff function.

Group of muscles that stabilize and move the shoulder joint.

Condition causing pain and limited shoulder movement due to reduced space around the rotator cuff tendons and bursa.

A deep layer forearm muscle that originates from the ulna and interosseous membrane and inserts into the base of the distal phalanges of fingers 2-5. It's responsible for flexing the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP joint) of the fingers.

A deep layer forearm muscle that flexes the thumb, originating from the radius and interosseous membrane, inserting into the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb.

A deep layer forearm muscle located on the anterior aspect of the distal radius and ulna. It pronates the forearm, effectively rotating the hand palm down.

A band of fibrous tissue located on the dorsal aspect of the wrist that holds extensor tendons in place, similar in function to the flexor retinaculum on the palmar side.

Extensor muscles that insert into the radius tend to abduct (move away from the midline) the hand, while those that insert into the ulna adduct (move towards the midline).

The clavicular head of the pectoralis major muscle contributes to flexing the arm at the shoulder joint.

The latissimus dorsi muscle originates from the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae (T6 to T12) and the iliac crest.

The latissimus dorsi muscle inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus, proximal to the teres major muscle.

The latissimus dorsi performs external rotation, extension, and adduction of the glenohumeral joint. It also assists with scapular depression.

The supinator muscle and the biceps brachii muscle are the primary muscles responsible for supination of the forearm.

The pronator quadratus and the pronator teres muscles are the primary muscles responsible for pronation of the forearm.

The flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament) and the palmar carpal ligament help to keep the tendons of most flexor muscles in place on the palmar side of the wrist.

The superficial layer of the flexor-pronator muscles includes the pronator teres, palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris.

These 6 muscles are located outside the hand and flex (bend) the wrist and fingers, while also turning the palm down (pronation).

These 9 muscles are located outside the hand and extend (straighten) the wrist and fingers, while turning the palm up (supination).

Located within the hand, these muscles control fine movements of the fingers and thumb.

These 4 muscles are located on the thumb side of the hand and control thumb movements, like opposition (touching fingers).

These 4 muscles are on the little finger side of the hand and control little finger movements, like abduction (spreading out).

The ball-and-socket joint connecting the humerus (upper arm bone) to the scapula (shoulder blade). It allows for a wide range of motion, making it the most mobile joint in the body.

A shallow socket on the scapula that receives the head of the humerus, forming the glenohumeral joint. It is smaller than the humeral head, allowing for greater mobility.

A ring of fibrocartilage located around the rim of the glenoid cavity, deepening the socket and increasing stability of the shoulder joint.

The angle formed between the head of the humerus and its shaft. It points superiorly, medially, and slightly posteriorly, enabling the full range of shoulder motion.

Two bony prominences on the humerus: the lesser tubercle (anteriorly) and the greater tubercle (laterally and slightly posteriorly). These serve as attachment points for shoulder muscles.

A groove located between the lesser and greater tubercles of the humerus, allowing passage for the biceps tendon.

A group of ligaments that connect the scapula and humerus, providing stability to the shoulder joint. They include the superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments, transverse humeral ligament, and coracohumeral ligament.

A true joint that connects the acromion process of the scapula to the clavicle (collarbone), contributing to shoulder stability.

A false joint (not a true joint) located above the humerus. It is where the subacromial bursa is found and plays a vital role in the rotator cuff muscles' movement.

The acromioclavicular joint has 3 main ligaments: the acromioclavicular ligament, the conoid ligament, and the trapezoid ligament. The acromioclavicular ligament connects the clavicle and acromion, the conoid ligament connects the coracoid process and clavicle, and the trapezoid ligament connects the coracoid process and clavicle.

The 4 muscles of the rotator cuff are: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. These muscles support the shoulder joint and help with various movements like rotation and abduction.

A ligament connecting the radius to the capitate (lateral) and triquetrum (medial) bones, limiting wrist extension.

A ligament connecting the ulna to the triquetrum (medial) and lunate (lateral) bones, limiting wrist extension.

These ligaments, located on the palm side, work together to limit excessive wrist extension.

These ligaments, on the back side, work together to limit excessive wrist flexion.

This ligament limits excessive adduction (hand toward ulna)

This ligament limits excessive abduction (hand toward radius) and is further supported by the scaphoid bone.

These ligaments connect the 8 carpal bones directly, named for the bones they connect (e.g., scapho-lunate).

A horizontal ligament connecting the medial scaphoid to the lateral lunate, stabilizing the wrist.

The Serratus Anterior muscle abducts and upwardly rotates the scapula, helping to protract (push forward) the shoulder.

The Trapezius muscle has three parts: Descending, Transverse, and Ascending, each with specific functions.

The Rhomboid Major and Minor muscles adduct and downwardly rotate the scapula, pulling it closer to the spine.

The Pectoralis Minor muscle depresses and ventrally tilts the scapula, drawing it downward and forward.

The Levator Scapulae muscle elevates and downwardly rotates the scapula, while also flexing the head to the same side.

This muscle is located in the deep layer of the forearm and flexes the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) of the fingers 2-5.

Located in the deep layer of the forearm, it flexes only the distal phalanx of the thumb.

This deep forearm muscle pronates the forearm, turning the palm down.

A band of tissue that holds extensor tendons in place on the dorsal (back) side of the wrist, similar to the flexor retinaculum on the palm.

Extensor muscles that insert into the radius primarily abduct the hand (move it away from the midline), while those that insert into the ulna primarily adduct it (move it toward the midline).

The Brachioradialis muscle flexes the forearm at the elbow. It is a superficial extensor muscle of the forearm. It is located on the lateral side of the forearm.

The Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus muscle extends and abducts the hand at the wrist. It helps you to extend your hand away from your body.

The Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis muscle extends and abducts the hand at the wrist. It is a superficial extensor muscle of the forearm.

The Extensor Digitorum muscle extends the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. This is the muscle that helps you straighten all your fingers.

The Extensor Carpi Ulnaris muscle extends and adducts the hand at the wrist. It helps you to extend your hand toward your little finger.

The Supinator muscle supinates the forearm, turning the palm upward. It is a deep extensor muscle of the forearm.

The Extensor Indicis muscle extends the index finger independently. It is a deep extensor muscle of the forearm.

The Abductor Pollicis Longus muscle abducts the thumb. It is a deep extensor muscle of the forearm.

The Extensor Pollicis Longus muscle performs individual extension of the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. It is a deep extensor muscle of the forearm.

The Extensor Pollicis Brevis muscle performs individual extension of the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints. It is a deep extensor muscle of the forearm.