Upper Limb - Joint Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the coraco-humeral ligament in the shoulder complex?

  • Stabilizing the head of the humerus within the glenoid cavity (correct)
  • Dividing the scapulothoracic joint into spaces
  • Providing flexibility to the scapular movements
  • Connecting the thoracic wall to the scapula

    • How does impingement affect the rotator cuff tendons?

  • It enhances the mobility of the tendons
  • It first leads to inflammation of the bursa followed by tendon degeneration (correct)
  • It causes a complete tear of the supraspinatus tendon
  • It strengthens the connection between the humerus and scapula

    • Which muscle effectively divides the scapulothoracic joint into two spaces?

  • Serratus anterior (correct)
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Subscapularis

    • What anatomical structure lies just beneath the subacromial bursa?

    <p>The supraspinatus tendon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the spine corresponds to the medial extremity of the spine of the scapula?

    <p>Third thoracic vertebral body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the scapulothoracic joint in shoulder mechanics?

    <p>It serves as a sliding surface for scapular movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical structures are involved in preventing dislocation at the glenohumeral joint?

    <p>The coraco-humeral ligament and joint capsule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature allows for dynamic movements of the scapula?

    <p>The structure of the scapulothoracic joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the glenoid labrum?

    <p>To increase the stability of the glenohumeral joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligaments contribute to the stability of the acromioclavicular joint?

    <p>Anterior and posterior ligaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic describes the mobility of the acromioclavicular joint?

    <p>Very stable but with limited mobility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the glenohumeral joint's stability?

    <p>It relies on the glenoid labrum, joint capsule, and ligaments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trapezoid and conoid ligaments are associated with which ligament group?

    <p>Coracoclavicular ligaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is characterized by having a joint cavity with articular cartilage and synovial fluid?

    <p>Acromioclavicular joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in an acromioclavicular dislocation?

    <p>The acromioclavicular ligaments are torn (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the anatomical location of the trapezoid ligament?

    <p>Lateral to the conoid ligament (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily responsible for internal rotation of the arm?

    <p>Subscapularis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the serratus anterior during arm movement?

    <p>Adduction of the scapula (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which range of motion is associated with internal rotation of the arm?

    <p>Up to 110 degrees (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism helps prevent dislocation of the glenohumeral joint?

    <p>Supine orientation of the glenoid cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are primarily responsible for external rotation?

    <p>Infraspinatus and teres minor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action describes abduction external rotation?

    <p>Bringing the arm posteriorly during abduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of humeral fracture, which nerve function should be assessed?

    <p>Radial nerve function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint movement is primarily contributed to by the thoracic spine beyond 150 degrees?

    <p>Lateral flexion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Subacromial impingement

    A condition where factors reduce space under the acromion, increasing risk of rotator cuff tears, due to supraspinatus tendon proximity.

    Subacromial Bursa

    A sac of fluid that cushions the supraspinatus tendon.

    Rotator Cuff Tears

    Damage to the tendons that surround the shoulder joint.

    Scapulothoracic Joint

    A "false joint" between the scapula and thoracic wall, crucial for shoulder movement.

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    Scapulothoracic Joint Spaces

    Two areas (spaces) within the scapulothoracic joint divided by the serratus anterior muscle.

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    Coracohumeral Ligament

    A ligament connecting the coracoid process to humerus, strengthening shoulder joint capsule.

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    Glenohumeral joint

    The shoulder joint formed by the shoulder blade and arm bone.

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    Shoulder Kinematics

    The movement of the shoulder joint and surrounding structures.

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    Glenoid Labrum

    A ring of fibrocartilage that surrounds the glenoid cavity, deepening it and increasing stability.

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    Acromioclavicular Joint

    A true joint where the acromion of the scapula and the clavicle meet.

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    Coracoclavicular Ligaments

    Ligaments connecting the coracoid process of the scapula to the clavicle, providing stability to the acromioclavicular joint.

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    Trapezoid Ligament

    A coracoclavicular ligament, more lateral, that strengthens the acromioclavicular joint.

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    Conoid Ligament

    A coracoclavicular ligament, more medial, providing stability to the acromioclavicular joint.

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    Shoulder Joint Instability

    The shoulder's susceptibility to dislocation because its stability primarily comes from soft tissues, not just the bony structures.

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    Dislocation

    Displacement of a bone from its joint.

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    Shoulder Abduction

    Raising the arm away from the body, moving it laterally, up to 180 degrees.

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    Glenohumeral Joint Rotation

    Movement of the arm around its longitudinal axis, categorized as internal (inner) and external (outer) rotation.

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    External Rotation

    Moving the forearm, wrist, and hand laterally away from the body.

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    Internal Rotation

    Moving the forearm, hand, and wrist medially towards the body.

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    Primary External Rotators

    Muscles that rotate the arm outwards, primarily the infraspinatus and teres minor.

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    Primary Internal Rotators

    Muscles that rotate the arm inwards, including the subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, and pectoralis major.

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    Humerus

    The only bone in the upper arm, with the deltoid tuberosity, serving as the deltoid muscle's attachment point.

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    Radial Groove

    A channel on the posterior humerus that protects the radial nerve.

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    Study Notes

    Upper Limb - Joint Overview

    • The shoulder consists of five joints: three true joints and two false joints.
    • The glenohumeral joint is primarily focused, with its head of the humerus being larger than the glenoid cavity. The glenoid labrum encircles the glenoid cavity, increasing its stability.
    • The acromioclavicular joint connects the distal clavicle and the acromion of the scapula, featuring limited mobility but high stability due to ligaments like the acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular (trapezoid and conoid).
    • The sternoclavicular joint, between the clavicle and sternum, serves as the sole connection to the thorax. An articular disk adds to its stability, coupled with ligaments like the interclavicular, anterior, and posterior sternoclavicular.

    Glenohumeral Joint

    • This joint is inherently unstable, but stability comes from the glenoid labrum, joint capsule, and ligaments.
    • The glenohumeral ligaments provide significant stability, preventing dislocations, especially when the arm is raised.
    • The joint has a joint cavity with synovial fluid and cartilage.

    Subacromial Impingement

    • This refers to the reduction in the subacromial space due to various factors like the shape of the acromion, osteoarthritis of the acromioclavicular joint and/or ossification at the acromial level.
    • This leads to impingement of the supraspinatus tendon, causing inflammation and degeneration, potentially resulting in rotator cuff tears.

    Scapulothoracic Joint

    • This is a false joint, providing a sliding space that facilitates the sliding of the rotator cuff tendons.
    • The space lies between the scapula and the associated muscles. Separated by the serratus anterior.

    Rotator Cuff Muscles

    • The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis muscles are essential for stability and movement within the glenohumeral joint.
    • Each has a unique role in actions like abduction, external, and internal rotation.
    • The supraspinatus is crucial for initial abduction, while external rotations are handled by infraspinatus and the teres minor

    Shoulder Muscles

    • Muscles connecting the shoulder girdle, shoulder to the humerus, and directly to the humerus (without connection to the scapula) are also outlined in the notes.
    • Muscles like the pectoralis minor, trapezius, and rhomboids are outlined in these notes.

    Elbow Joint

    • Functionally divided into true and radio-ulnar parts.
    • The true elbow joint is between the capitellum and head of the radius, and the trochlea and the semilunar surface of the ulna.
    • The radio-ulnar joint, between the proximal ulna and radius, enables pronation and supination.

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    Related Documents

    The Upper Limb Anatomy PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the anatomy and functions of the joints in the upper limb, focusing on the shoulder region. Key aspects include the glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, and sternoclavicular joints, as well as their stability mechanisms. Test your knowledge on joint structures, ligaments, and their roles in upper limb mobility.

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