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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the scapula's coracoid process?
What is the primary function of the scapula's coracoid process?
- Division of the infraspinous and supraspinous fossae
- Origination for the subscapularis muscle
- Attachment site for ligaments and muscles (correct)
- Formation of the glenohumeral joint
Which of the following accurately describes the glenohumeral joint?
Which of the following accurately describes the glenohumeral joint?
- It is classified as a false joint.
- It is a hinge joint allowing flexion and extension only.
- It is the most stable joint in the human body.
- It allows movement in three different axes. (correct)
Which two structures are part of the true joints of the shoulder complex?
Which two structures are part of the true joints of the shoulder complex?
- Glenohumeral joint and scapulothoracic joint
- Sternoclavicular joint and glenohumeral joint (correct)
- Acromioclavicular joint and subacromial joint
- Scapulothoracic joint and subacromial joint
What characteristic distinguishes true joints from false joints?
What characteristic distinguishes true joints from false joints?
Which muscle originates from the supraspinous fossa of the scapula?
Which muscle originates from the supraspinous fossa of the scapula?
What is the significance of the spine of the scapula?
What is the significance of the spine of the scapula?
Which of the following joints is classified as a false joint?
Which of the following joints is classified as a false joint?
What is the role of the glenoid fossa in the shoulder complex?
What is the role of the glenoid fossa in the shoulder complex?
What is the primary function of the long head of the triceps brachii?
What is the primary function of the long head of the triceps brachii?
Which structures articulate at the distal end of the humerus?
Which structures articulate at the distal end of the humerus?
Which muscle originates from the coracoid process of the scapula?
Which muscle originates from the coracoid process of the scapula?
What is the significance of the radial groove on the humerus?
What is the significance of the radial groove on the humerus?
What is the primary role of the sternoclavicular joint?
What is the primary role of the sternoclavicular joint?
Which part of the humerus is primarily involved in muscle attachment for forearm muscles?
Which part of the humerus is primarily involved in muscle attachment for forearm muscles?
What muscle inserts into the tuberosity of the ulna?
What muscle inserts into the tuberosity of the ulna?
Which ligament is responsible for connecting the coracoid process to the acromial end of the clavicle?
Which ligament is responsible for connecting the coracoid process to the acromial end of the clavicle?
Which structure is NOT involved in the formation of the subacromial joint?
Which structure is NOT involved in the formation of the subacromial joint?
Which muscle has its origin below the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus?
Which muscle has its origin below the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus?
What condition may result from improper functioning of the medial and lateral heads of the triceps brachii?
What condition may result from improper functioning of the medial and lateral heads of the triceps brachii?
What may occur as a result of decreased size in the subacromial area?
What may occur as a result of decreased size in the subacromial area?
The acromioclavicular ligament connects which two anatomical structures?
The acromioclavicular ligament connects which two anatomical structures?
Which of the following ligaments helps provide stability to the sternoclavicular joint?
Which of the following ligaments helps provide stability to the sternoclavicular joint?
What is the consequence of a complete tear of the subscapularis tendon?
What is the consequence of a complete tear of the subscapularis tendon?
Which joint is considered the first false joint of the shoulder girdle?
Which joint is considered the first false joint of the shoulder girdle?
Flashcards
Scapula
Scapula
Large, flat bone with three processes: spine of scapula, acromion, and coracoid process.
Spine of the scapula
Spine of the scapula
Part of the scapula that divides the infraspinous and supraspinous fossae.
Acromion
Acromion
The continuation of the spine of the scapula, ending laterally.
Coracoid process
Coracoid process
Deep process on the scapula, involved in muscle attachments and ligament connections.
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Glenoid fossa
Glenoid fossa
Shallow depression on the scapula where the head of the humerus fits.
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Glenohumeral joint
Glenohumeral joint
Joint between the scapula and humerus, allowing for a wide range of motion.
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Sternoclavicular joint
Sternoclavicular joint
Joint between the sternum (breastbone) and the clavicle (collarbone).
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Acromioclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Joint between the acromion of the scapula and the clavicle.
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What is the function and anatomy of the acromioclavicular joint?
What is the function and anatomy of the acromioclavicular joint?
A joint connecting the clavicle to the acromion, stabilized by the acromioclavicular, conoid, and trapezoid ligaments.
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What is the function and anatomy of the sternoclavicular joint?
What is the function and anatomy of the sternoclavicular joint?
A joint connecting the clavicle to the sternum, stabilized by several ligaments including the sternoclavicular and costoclavicular ligaments.
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What is the subacromial joint?
What is the subacromial joint?
A critical space in the shoulder containing the subacromial bursa, located between the acromion process and the head of the humerus.
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What is the subacromial bursa?
What is the subacromial bursa?
A fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion in the subacromial joint, allowing for smooth tendon movement.
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What is subacromial bursitis?
What is subacromial bursitis?
Inflammation or irritation of the subacromial bursa, often caused by repetitive overuse or injury.
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What is subacromial impingement syndrome?
What is subacromial impingement syndrome?
A condition where the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles are pinched or compressed under the acromion process.
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What are the acromioclavicular ligaments?
What are the acromioclavicular ligaments?
Ligaments connecting the clavicle and the acromion.
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What are the sternoclavicular ligaments?
What are the sternoclavicular ligaments?
Ligaments connecting the clavicle and the sternum.
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What joint does the humerus form at its proximal end?
What joint does the humerus form at its proximal end?
The proximal end of the humerus forms the glenohumeral joint, the shoulder joint.
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What is the deltoid tuberosity?
What is the deltoid tuberosity?
The deltoid tuberosity, a bump on the humerus, is where the deltoid muscle inserts.
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What is the radial groove?
What is the radial groove?
The radial groove is a pathway on the humerus for the radial nerve.
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What joint does the humerus form at its distal end?
What joint does the humerus form at its distal end?
The distal end of the humerus forms the elbow joint, connecting to the ulna and radius.
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Where does the coracobrachialis muscle attach?
Where does the coracobrachialis muscle attach?
The coracobrachialis muscle originates from the coracoid process of the scapula, and inserts on the humerus shaft.
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What is the origin and insertion of the brachialis muscle?
What is the origin and insertion of the brachialis muscle?
The brachialis muscle originates on the humerus below the deltoid tuberosity and inserts on the ulna.
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Where do the heads of the triceps brachii originate and insert?
Where do the heads of the triceps brachii originate and insert?
The three heads of the triceps brachii originate from the shoulder girdle and all insert on the olecranon process of the ulna.
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What is the function of the long head of the triceps brachii?
What is the function of the long head of the triceps brachii?
The long head of the triceps brachii helps stabilize the shoulder joint and extends the elbow.
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Upper Limb Anatomy
- Primarily composed of three bones: clavicle, scapula, and humerus
- Scapula is a flat bone, slightly concave from the front and convex from the back
- Features a spine, infraspinous fossa, supraspinous fossa, acromion, and coracoid process
- Glenoid fossa is where the glenohumeral joint (ball and socket) forms
- Shoulder has 5 joints, 3 of which are true synovial joints (sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral)
- Scapulothoracic and subacromial joints are false joints
- Glenohumeral joint allows for significant movement around three axes
- Humerus has a head, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, and a shaft
- The glenoid cavity is much smaller than the head of the humerus, but the glenoid labrum provides stability
- Key ligaments include: superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral, transverse humeral, and coracohumeral ligaments
- Acromioclavicular ligaments connect the acromion and clavicle
- Sternoclavicular ligaments connect the clavicle to the sternum
- Subacromial bursa is important for the smooth sliding of muscles and tendons, and protecting the tendon from the acromion process
- Scapulothoracic joint provides movement of the scapula while keeping ligaments and muscles away from rubbing against the thoracic cage
- Coracohumeral ligament is critical for stability in the glenohumeral joint.
Elbow Joint Anatomy
- Three main ligaments: medial (ulnar), lateral (radial), and annular ligaments
- Formed by the humerus, radius, and ulna
- Allows for flexion and extension of the forearm
- Radioulnar joint (proximal) and radioulnar joint are important for supination/pronation
Wrist and Hand Joint Anatomy
- Radiocarpal joint, connecting the radius to the carpal bones (8 small bones)
- Important ligaments include the palmar radiocarpal, palmar ulnocarpal, dorsal radiocarpal, and dorsal intercarpal ligaments. This joint plays a crucial role in limiting wrist movement, enabling fine movements.
- Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) reinforces the wrist joint between the ulna and carpal bones
- Multiple extensor and flexor muscles act on the wrist joint
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