Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the primary aims of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy?
What is one of the primary aims of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy?
- To enhance nutritional intake
- To provide surgical intervention
- To diagnose disease early (correct)
- To relieve constipation
Which of the following is NOT a common abnormality detected during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy?
Which of the following is NOT a common abnormality detected during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy?
- Strictures including achalasia
- Gallstones (correct)
- Webs
- Diverticula
What type of anesthesia is commonly used to keep the patient comfortable during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy?
What type of anesthesia is commonly used to keep the patient comfortable during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy?
- Playing calming music
- Nasal anesthesia (correct)
- Local mouth anesthesia only
- General anesthesia
Which technique is used for neoplastic therapy in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy?
Which technique is used for neoplastic therapy in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy?
During intubation in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, which structure should be gently overcome?
During intubation in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, which structure should be gently overcome?
Flashcards
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
A common and important procedure in gastroenterology, often used for diagnosis and treatment of conditions in the upper digestive tract.
Squamo-columnar Junction (SCJ)
Squamo-columnar Junction (SCJ)
The junction between the squamous epithelium of the esophagus and the columnar epithelium of the stomach. It marks a change in cell type and is an important landmark during endoscopy.
Achalasia
Achalasia
A condition where the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax properly, obstructing the passage of food and causing difficulty swallowing.
Dye-based Endoscopic Examination
Dye-based Endoscopic Examination
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Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR)
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR)
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Study Notes
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
- Aim: To put patient's minds at rest, provide surveillance, diagnose diseases early, and treat diseases.
Basics
- Patient preparation: Fasted patients with a note of comorbidities.
- Anaesthesia types: Awake with good throat anaesthesia, awake with good nasal anaesthesia (trans-nasal), sedated (midazolam/propofol).
- Monitoring: Oxygen, pulse oximetry, and blood pressure.
Intubation
- Procedure: Performed under vision, examination of pharynx and upper airways, past epiglottis, overcome cricopharyngeus gently, careful avoidance of valleculae.
Oesophagus
- Findings: Pearly white mucosa with vascular markings, glycogen granules, inlet patch/es, indentations (left bronchus and left atrium), Z-line or squamo-columnar junction (SCJ), oesophagic-gastric junction (OJG) or TGF.
Abnormalities
- Possible findings: Webs, diverticula, strictures (including achalasia), inflammation/Barrett's/ulcers, tumours, varices, food bolus/foreign bodies.
Stomach
- Possible findings: Hiatal hernia, varices, gastritis, ulcer, tumours, vascular lesions (e.g., Dieulafoy).
Neoplastic Diagnosis
- Diagnosis approach: Scope features (e.g., AF, NBI, FICE, iScan), dyes (e.g., methylene blue, Lugol's, acetic acid), submucosal injection, magnification, confocal endoscopy, optical biopsy, EUS.
Neoplastic Therapy
- Possible procedures: Dilatation, EMR, ESD, stent, ablation.
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