UPDA Electrical Engineering Reviewer

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not a linear regression model?

2-Y = a + b + (X1 / X2)

Y = aX1 + X2

Y = a + X1 + bX2

Y = a + bx1 + x1x2 (correct)

Which OP-AMP circuit uses resistance in series and capacitance in feedback?

Integrator (correct)

Band Pass Filter

Differentiator

Stop Band Filter

In which of the following stages are you more likely to find status reports, many changes, and the creation of forecasts?

Planning (correct)

Delivering

Executing

Conceptualizing

Defining

The intersecting point for WBS and OBS is:

Cost account Signup and view all the answers

The final step in the definition of a work breakdown structure is to:

Assign codes for each activity of the work package Signup and view all the answers

What is the least instructive solution to connect hijacking?

Physical security of the communication link Signup and view all the answers

A 10MVA generator has a power factor of 0.866 lagging. The reactive power produced will be:

5 MVA Signup and view all the answers

For a transformer to be tested at full load conditions but consuming only losses from the main, we do:

Back to back test Signup and view all the answers

A 400V/100V, 10KVA two winding transformer is reconnected as an auto transformer across a suitable voltage source. The maximum rating of such an arrangement could be:

50KVA Signup and view all the answers

A single-phase, 2200/200 V transformer takes 1 A at the HT side or no load at a power factor of 0.385. The iron losses are:

88 W Signup and view all the answers

Neglecting resistance, at constant flux density, the power required per kilogram to magnetize the iron core of a transformer is 0.8 W at 25 Hz and 2.04 W at 60 Hz. The power required per kilogram for 100 Hz is:

3.8 W Signup and view all the answers

What are morals?

Morals are accepted standards of right and wrong that are usually applied to personal behavior. Signup and view all the answers

For maximum voltage regulation, tan Φ = ______

X / R Signup and view all the answers

For zero voltage regulation, tan Φ = ______

R / X Signup and view all the answers

What is the shunt resistance in a D'arsonval meter as a DC ammeter?

Rsh = Rm / (n-1) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for Series resistance in a D'arsonval meter as a DC voltmeter?

Rs = (S * Vrange) - Rm Signup and view all the answers

Match the six steps to the Work Breakdown Structure:

1 = List all tasks 2 = Task clusters 3 = Define work packages 4 = Assignment of responsibilities 5 = Define start and stop dates 6 = Documentation of the WBS Signup and view all the answers

Match the steps of Project Scope Management:

1 = Plan your scope 2 = Collect requirements 3 = Define your scope 4 = Create WBS structure 5 = Validate your scope 6 = Control your scope Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components with their descriptions:

A: Array = A collection of elements or objects. B: Source = A place to obtain something. C: Dish Antenna = A tool for receiving satellite signals. Signup and view all the answers

A passive filter can:

Filter only Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of material has high thermal and electrical conductivity? A. Ceramic, B. Metal, C. __________ (any other write here)

Graphene Signup and view all the answers

What is the required minimum clearance distance, R, if the phase voltage of the live parts is 13,800V?

3.0m Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systems uses Assembly language?

Both A & B Signup and view all the answers

Which is not part of Scope Management?

Execute Scope Signup and view all the answers

Project life cycle is different than product life cycle in that project life cycle:

Describes project management activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the worth after 5 years of an investment of One Million Qatari Riyals if the APR is 9% paid monthly?

1,538,634 Signup and view all the answers

Which is not a resource related to activities?

Time Signup and view all the answers

Embedded Systems should have the best dynamic response.

True Signup and view all the answers

A battery which factor is least dependent for long self-discharge property:

Nominal voltage Signup and view all the answers

What is analysis technique to determine the effect of multi-sources?

Superposition Signup and view all the answers

What is the low pass filter?

It will let pass low frequencies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the resistance for 100W and 200V potentials?

400 Signup and view all the answers

A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) generator is based on the Exclusive OR operation.

True Signup and view all the answers

Engineers are:

Who design, build, test. Signup and view all the answers

The voltage measured between Corner B and ground is most nearly:

7.62 kV Signup and view all the answers

The magnitude of the line current in phase C is most nearly:

65.6 Signup and view all the answers

Which one is the harmonic source in the following list?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

A low-pass filter is used to:

Stop high frequencies Signup and view all the answers

A 3-phase, 60-Hz induction motor has how many poles?

4.0 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a name for a set of indices and values?

Array Signup and view all the answers

Your boss has just approved the initiation of a project. What should the project manager do first?

Develop the project charter to do the project Signup and view all the answers

The spinning reserve is the:

Generating capacity that is connected to the grid and ready to take the load Signup and view all the answers

The two resistances R1 and R2 give combined resistance of 4.5 ohms when in series and 1 ohm when in parallel. The resistances are:

3 ohms and 6 ohms Signup and view all the answers

An underground system is built for a military marine system. The insulation is designed for which voltage level?

√2) A Signup and view all the answers

The voltage gain of an amplifier with 9% negative feedback is 10. The voltage gain without feedback will be:

100 Signup and view all the answers

Block plot shown below, what type?

Low pass filter Signup and view all the answers

Terminal represents control input of BJT:

Base Signup and view all the answers

The minimum standard wire gauge of earth wire is:

8 SWG Signup and view all the answers

An activity in a project network can be represented by which of the following?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Harmonics in a system are mainly due to:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the analysis technique to determine the effect of multi-sources?

Superposition Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by Ethics?

General and abstract concept of right and wrong behavior culled from philosophy, theology, professional societies Signup and view all the answers

The collector region of a transistor is doped?

Lightly Signup and view all the answers

First line in Transmission is used for?

Ground Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the engineering characteristics can best explain the following concept? Base your decision on reason rather than emotion.

Logical Thinking Signup and view all the answers

According to the Nyquist Sampling Theorem, a sufficient condition for these to be no aliasing in the sampled signal is that the highest frequency in the signal must be:

Less than half of the sampling frequency Signup and view all the answers

If the signal power is doubled at a given transmitter, what is the decibel increase?

3 dB Signup and view all the answers

In optical communication, Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) is called?

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) Signup and view all the answers

TQM stands for?

Total Quality Management Signup and view all the answers

Which is liquid in the following substances?

Hg Signup and view all the answers

The power factor of an alternator is obtained from its:

Excitation Signup and view all the answers

An OP-AMP based inverting amplifier; the INPUT impedance is:

Infinity Signup and view all the answers

An OP-AMP based Non-inverting amplifier; the INPUT impedance is:

Infinity Signup and view all the answers

Which circuit breaker is commonly used at the distribution level?

Air Circuit Breaker Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if the fuse rate is 8 Ampere?

It will melt if current exceeds 8A. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for component arrangement for waves in transmitting and receiving?

Multiplexing Signup and view all the answers

What is the dumping ratio O/P / I/P = U/R where S = 1?

0.7 Signup and view all the answers

An alternator operates at _____ for capacitive loads.

Leading power factor Signup and view all the answers

The minimum time to complete the project is?

16 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What tuning frequency is used in the local oscillator for a station at 540 kHz?

550 kHz Signup and view all the answers

For which topology can 10BaseT not be used without additional hardware conversion?

Point to Point Signup and view all the answers

High voltage windings of transformers have _____ resistivity than the low voltage side.

Higher Signup and view all the answers

What is the ACR of a conductor with 7 steel wires and 25 aluminum wires?

7/25 Signup and view all the answers

The output D in the circuit is:

AB + BC Signup and view all the answers

What is the speed of wave in a cable if the cable length is 1000m and the time of returning signal is 9.43μsec?

2.1 Signup and view all the answers

The equivalent circuit of an induction machine at no load is the same as that of the transformer but with?

Open circuited secondary Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is not a rule of interaction?

Law Signup and view all the answers

Within the battery, conventional current flow is?

Positive electrode to Negative electrode Signup and view all the answers

Activity on arrow needs to use dummy activities to avoid precedence problems due to?

Parallel Activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the average value of the signal v(t) = 5 sin(377t)?

3.2 Signup and view all the answers

For a 3-phase transformer rated at 25MVA with 8 percent impedance, what is the per unit impedance on a 100 MVA base?

0.32 Signup and view all the answers

A DC voltmeter with coil resistance 150Ω and sensitivity of 10,000Ω/V is used. What type and magnitude of resistance is required?

Series, 1M ohm Signup and view all the answers

The offset of a particular segment varies from?

0000H to FFFFH Signup and view all the answers

A power gain of 30dB is equivalent to which amplification factor?

1000 Signup and view all the answers

The power factor of an alternator depends on?

Load connected to the machine Signup and view all the answers

Fluorescent light flickers due to?

Low frequency Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following theorems is used for frequency?

Shannon Theorem Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can represent an activity on a project network?

Both A & C are correct Signup and view all the answers

The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) is an accrediting agency for?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) generator is based on what operation?

Modulo 2 Division Signup and view all the answers

First step of scope planning starts with?

Objective and requirements to satisfy customer Signup and view all the answers

The term Fast Track means?

Construction starts before the design is complete Signup and view all the answers

In the figure, how are 6Ω, 3Ω, and 9Ω connected?

In a combination of parallel and series Signup and view all the answers

A Cascade amplifier is used to reduce load effect; the output impedance will be?

Low Signup and view all the answers

The output of a Cascade amplifier is?

Output of the last stage Signup and view all the answers

The CPU architecture shown in the figure below is best described as?

2-Stage pipeline architecture Signup and view all the answers

Incandescent lamps work normally with best efficiency at what power factor?

Unity Signup and view all the answers

HRC Fuse means High Rupturing Capacity?

True Signup and view all the answers

System means group of elements making a function?

True Signup and view all the answers

A certain communication channel has a signal to noise ratio of 7 and a bandwidth of 10kHz. What is the channel capacity?

30000 bps Signup and view all the answers

Software maintenance activities can be classified into several maintenance types. Which of the following is not a software maintenance type?

Customer-initiated maintenance Signup and view all the answers

An industrial plant is served by a 12470-v delta/480-v grounded-wye transformer. What is the best protection of the transformer against lightning strikes?

Phase to ground on the 12470-v side of the transformer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a programmable logic array designated 16R8 and one designated 20R8?

20 pins rather than 16 Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond guarantees that if a contractor goes broke on a project, the surety will pay the necessary amount to complete the job?

Performance bond Signup and view all the answers

The one-line diagram below represents three single phase transformers connected in a delta-wye arrangement. What is the turns ratio of individual single-phase transformers?

4.8 Signup and view all the answers

An engineer chooses open collector output TTL technology to drive a device. What is the function of this circuit?

NAND Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following junction nodes are forward biased?

Anode = +5V, Cathode = +3V Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the sequential steps in an Object-Oriented design?

Define classes, define interface techniques, define collaboration diagrams, define design diagrams Signup and view all the answers

Increasing the current withdrawn from a battery has what effect on the battery capacity and why?

Decreased capacity, caused by increased polarization Signup and view all the answers

Which load is placed in a 3-phase, 4-wire system between phase B and phase C with a phase-to-phase voltage of 13.2kV?

500kVA at 0.85 lagging power factor Signup and view all the answers

What is the equivalent resistance of 100 resistors of 100 ohm each connected in parallel?

1 ohm Signup and view all the answers

A 3-phase capacitor rated at 240V and 110 kVAR corrects the power factor of a 3-phase induction motor operating at 280 V. What reactive power does it provide?

82.6 Signup and view all the answers

Assuming a fuel cell produces a no-load voltage of 230V at a rated voltage of 300V providing 2.0MW to a DC-AC converter, what is the total internal resistance?

0.05 Signup and view all the answers

Permanent magnet has a relative permeability that is _____ magnetic material?

Higher than Signup and view all the answers

For effective earthing, which mixture is preferred for filling around the earth electrode?

Lime-Sand mixture Signup and view all the answers

A discrete silicon semiconductor diode is forward biased at 0.75V; what is the approximate current?

2.0 mA Signup and view all the answers

For last switching of an NMOS R-pull up inverter, (W/L) should be?

Large Signup and view all the answers

The voltage regulation of an alternator is ____ for capacitive loads?

Positive Signup and view all the answers

The first step of project scope definition is to?

Define the major objectives to meet the customer needs Signup and view all the answers

While a machine is in operation, the slip of the synchronous machine is?

Zero Signup and view all the answers

If the induction motor speed at no-load is 745 RPM, what is the speed of the motor?

750 RPM Signup and view all the answers

Synchronous speed for a motor that is 1600 RPM at 60 Hz; calculate the number of poles.

P = 4 Signup and view all the answers

BJT will act as a switch in which region?

Saturation region Signup and view all the answers

What is pipelining?

Both Signup and view all the answers

A room with a floor area of 50ft x 30ft and ceiling height of 10ft has luminaires suspended 2ft from the ceiling. Assuming a working plane of 30in and a required illumination level of 50fc, what is the net luminous flux using fixtures with a coefficient of utilization of 0.78?

96000 Signup and view all the answers

A motor is equipped with an optical shaft encoder providing 200 pulses per motor revolution. The speed (rpm) of the motor is?

3400 Signup and view all the answers

BJT will amplify in which region?

Active Region Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is related to observation in a measuring instrument?

Accuracy Signup and view all the answers

A digital signal needs to be modulated and transmitted. If we need to transmit 4 bits, what is the maximum number of ways it can be transmitted?

16 Signup and view all the answers

When using a Zener diode in regulator circuits, the output shape will be affected by?

Dynamic resistance of the diode Signup and view all the answers

The motor used in travelling cranes is?

Ward Leonard Controlled DC Shunt Motor Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not the transmission voltage in Qatar?

220kV Signup and view all the answers

Which of the transmission voltage is not applied in Qatar Electrical Specifications?

220kV Signup and view all the answers

Regarding the software lifecycle, which of the following is not true concerning integration testing?

Integration testing can only complete with a top-down approach. Signup and view all the answers

The forward pass in project network calculation determines the?

Only A & B are correct Signup and view all the answers

The single-phase motor used with household ceiling fans is?

Permanent Capacitor type Signup and view all the answers

The source voltage in the circuit shown is $v= 100sin 377t$, the peak reverse voltage applied to the diode would be?

141.1 Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are properties of fuses rather than circuit breakers, with one exception, which item is the property of circuit breakers?

Adjustable time-current characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowable size of the over-current device normally allowed to protect an AWG #12 THHW conductor temperature of 550C?

20A Signup and view all the answers

A single-phase transformer rated 100/7.2kV has an impedance of 10.0%. During a factory short circuit test done at rated current, the voltage at the HV terminals will be most nearly:

10 Signup and view all the answers

A radio station transmits 50kW with a directive gain of 105. What is the power density 10km from the radiating antenna?

5.9 mW/m2 Signup and view all the answers

The SCADA system configuration uses input from an instrument CT with a ratio of 100:5. The transducer supplying the SCADA has a full-scale AC current value of 2.5A. What is most nearly the maximum current in the primary side of the CT?

50 A Signup and view all the answers

What is an HRC fuse?

High Rupturing Capacity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the leakage flux?

A flux outside the core Signup and view all the answers

For forward biasing, which of the following combinations is correct?

Anode 5V cathode 3V Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following parallel resistances will have the highest value of the equivalent resistance?

Two 500 kOhm resistors Signup and view all the answers

In the 3-phase system, what is the neutral?

Normal return path for the current Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum diode power rating that can be used?

100 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is not typical of a project manager?

Possesses in depth technical knowledge Signup and view all the answers

Synchronous speed for a motor at 1200 RPM and 100Hz, calculate the number of poles:

P = 6 Signup and view all the answers

The CPU architecture shown in the figure below is best described as:

Non-pipelined architecture Signup and view all the answers

While the machine is in operation, the slip of the synchronous machine is:

Zero Signup and view all the answers

What is the required net luminous flux (lumens) for a room with a floor area of 50ft x 30ft and a ceiling height of 10ft assuming a working plane of 30in and a required illumination level of 50fc?

96000 Signup and view all the answers

Block plot shown below, what type?

Band pass filter Signup and view all the answers

In HDL based digital systems, the arithmetic multiplication function is difficult to synthesize. Design solutions to this challenge do not include:

Sequential right shifts of the arguments Signup and view all the answers

Intersymbol interference is eliminated by applying which of the following?

Nyquist Criterion Signup and view all the answers

Which is liquid in the following substances?

Hg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is based on Ohm's Law?

Power Signup and view all the answers

Harmonic currents present in a power system may cause:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

How can we convert inches to centimeters?

Multiply by 2.54 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of material has high thermal and electrical conductivity?

Metal Signup and view all the answers

The Bode plot for the circuit shown A = V2 / V1, is:

C Signup and view all the answers

Which one is the highest input impedance?

MOSFET Signup and view all the answers

A differential relay designed to protect a zone of the distribution system uses current transformers (CTs) connected to annual CTs. If the values do not match, which of the following is the least likely outcome?

The trip could occur only when the CTs are wired in parallel. Signup and view all the answers

A biomedical signal is sampled at 128Hz, no anti-aliasing filter is used. Spectral analysis on the sampled data shows strong signals. The most likely source of the 58 Hz component is:

Power line artifact picked up by the equipment Signup and view all the answers

A system with an initial cost of 90000 dollars has an operating cost of 2.50 dollars per hour and is operated 16hr/day for 300 days/year. After 10 years, what is the total analyzed cost over the 10-year life?

$14000 Signup and view all the answers

Which engineering discipline would be best suited to manage the construction of a natural gas pipeline?

Civil Engineer Signup and view all the answers

When an activity network is developed using forward and backward passes, what can be determined?

A, B, C and D are all correct. Signup and view all the answers

Two tower antennas with height of 90 meters, what is the maximum distance between them for good communication?

80 km Signup and view all the answers

Why is steel used in concrete structures?

Temperature expansion coefficient is the same as cement (concrete) Signup and view all the answers

An engineer is offered some additional gifts and services in exchange for using superior materials on a remodeling project, which was not detailed in the contract. What should he do?

Reject the offer. Signup and view all the answers

You are a project manager for a company that supplies parts to the government. Part of your budget plan shows an average cost that can reduce move units. What theory describes the rationale for budget planning?

Economics of Scale Theory Signup and view all the answers

The extensive use of gypsum wallboard in construction is attributed to all the following characteristics except:

Ease of installation or can be easily formed in different shapes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not considered to be a characteristic of a project?

Only for internal use Signup and view all the answers

The equivalent circuit of an induction machine at no load is the same as that of a transformer but with:

Open circuited secondary Signup and view all the answers

The interdisciplinary nature of engineering has implications for the appropriateness of specialization. Which statement is correct?

Most engineers will wish to specialize, but all engineers must be able to work effectively alongside others with complementary skills. Signup and view all the answers

In a typical computer architecture, what is the minimum set of registers necessary for general operation?

Accumulator, instruction register, memory address register, memory buffer register, program counter Signup and view all the answers

A basic Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR) system with an oscilloscope displays the waveform at the input end of a line in a Non-Return Zero (NRZ) digital system. A 1000m cable is terminated with a short circuit at the far end. The first reflected wave appears 9.43μs after the incident wave. The actual velocity in the cable divided by the speed of light is:

0.71 Signup and view all the answers

The maximum power in a synchronous machine is obtained when the load angle is:

90 Signup and view all the answers

Increasing the water-cement ratio in concrete mix results in:

Decrease strength Signup and view all the answers

The frequency of the voltage waveform generated by an alternator having 4 poles and rotating at 750 RPM will be:

60 Hz Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following braking systems is used in the induction motor?

All of the Above Signup and view all the answers

When an induction motor runs at synchronous speed, the torque will be:

0 Signup and view all the answers

Breaking of induction motor can be classified as:

All of the Above Signup and view all the answers

The noise margins of an inverter with VOH=3V, VH=2V, VOL=0.5V, VIL=0.8V is:

NMH=1V, NML=1.5V Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following situations requires a change order?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum phase-to-phase voltage for an induction motor in the figure?

679V Signup and view all the answers

In a 3-phase balanced system with Irms = 60A and 3rd harmonic phase current of 3A, what will be the neutral current?

9A Signup and view all the answers

In Ohm's Law, current is related to:

Resistance Signup and view all the answers

___ activities must be completed immediately before a particular activity.

Predecessor Signup and view all the answers

Value engineering has the purpose of:

Achieve the project outcomes with the least cost Signup and view all the answers

In a 3-phase system, what is the neutral?

Normal return path for the current Signup and view all the answers

The output D in the circuit is:

AB + BC Signup and view all the answers

Which circuit breaker is commonly used at the distribution level?

Air Circuit Breaker Signup and view all the answers

The equivalent circuit of an induction machine at no load is the same as that of a transformer but with:

Open circuited secondary Signup and view all the answers

The electric flux passing out through a closed surface is equal to:

The total charge enclosed by the surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum gauge size of the earthing cable?

10 Signup and view all the answers

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and other array logic devices normally contain numerous flip-flops. These flip-flops are generally of which type?

D Signup and view all the answers

A discrete silicon semiconductor diode is forward biased at 0.75V, what is the approximate current?

2.0 mA Signup and view all the answers

The motor used in a traveling crane is:

Ward Leonard Controlled DC Shunt Motor Signup and view all the answers

Your boss has just approved the initiation of a project to celebrate Qatar National Day. As the project manager, what should you do?

Develop the project charter to do the project Signup and view all the answers

In general, when comparing BJT and MOSFET transistors, which statements are true?

The device capable of higher amplification is MOSFET Signup and view all the answers

In a 50Hz induction machine, if the no-load speed is 2900 RPM, what is the slip frequency?

1.33 Hz Signup and view all the answers

Changing the excitation in a grid having an alternator connected to it will have the following effect:

Change in reactive component of load Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systems uses Assembly language?

Both A & B Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is based on Ohm's Law?

Power Signup and view all the answers

What is the bond for the attraction of a water molecule?

Covalent Bond Signup and view all the answers

If the rotor is in a standstill position, what is slip?

One Signup and view all the answers

An architect visits the site and finds the gypsum installation ongoing is of very low grade. What immediate action should he take?

Inform the client that poor material is being used. Signup and view all the answers

If the motor is running with a very heavy load and suddenly the mechanical load is reduced to zero, what will be the effect on the motor?

Motor will first move above synchronous speed and later stay just below synchronous speed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory of utilitarianism?

Work with global utilization - happily - maintain it. Signup and view all the answers

What would an initial investment of 1 million QR be after 5 years if the APR = 9% accumulated monthly?

1565681 QR Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not an opportunity to do the project?

Lot of manpower Signup and view all the answers

100 resistors of 100 ohm each are connected in parallel. Their equivalent resistance will be:

1 ohm Signup and view all the answers

Cut-off frequency in a transistor is defined by:

External Capacitor Signup and view all the answers

The third harmonic of the Fourier series for the waveform in the figure has a frequency (Hz) of:

The third harmonic does not exist. Signup and view all the answers

Major factors to be considered while designing a distribution system include:

Reliability Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is not an insulating material?

Asbestos Signup and view all the answers

Resource leveling usually results in:

More efficient use of labor and equipment Signup and view all the answers

Concepts of resource leveling work by:

Shifting non-critical activities within their available float Signup and view all the answers

The starting capacitor of a single-phase motor is:

Electrolytic type Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering & Technology)?

Accreditation of Engineering Programs Signup and view all the answers

What does the power factor stand for?

Ratio of active power to the apparent power (kW/kVA) Signup and view all the answers

Strain unit is:

Dimensionless Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the barometer?

To measure atmospheric pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Electrical/Electronic Engineering Concepts

Alternator Excitation: An alternator is over-excited when operating at a leading power factor.
Synchronous Motor: A synchronous motor is considered over-excited when operating at a leading power factor.
Micro Antenna: Refers to a short antenna design used for communication needs.
Fast Track Scheduling: Primarily used to guarantee project costs before construction begins.
Harvard Architecture: Characterized by separate code and data memory spaces.
Magnetic Force: The force on a moving charge in a magnetic field is always perpendicular to the field direction.
Conductance Unit: Measured in mhos (or siemens).
ABET: Stands for Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology.
Transfer Function Phase Shift: At very high frequencies, the phase shift can be -90°.
Fourier Series: The third harmonic's frequency can vary significantly based on the waveform in question.
Transmission Line Wires: The wire at the top is typically a ground wire, not a phase or neutral wire.
Three-Stage RF Amplifier: The total noise figure for a specific amplifier configuration can be calculated based on the stages involved.
Automobile Factory Design: Mechanical Engineers are best suited for designing and operating automobile factories.
Leakage Flux: Refers to flux that does not contribute to the operation of the circuit, different from the mutual flux.
Fast Tracking in Projects: Means commencing the project before designs are fully complete.
Combination of Resistors: Can be arranged to achieve specific effective resistance values, such as 4Ω.
Temperature Sensors: Operate linearly, with output voltage correlating to temperature measured.
Parallel Transformer Operation: Requires correct polarity, equal voltage and frequency ratings, and equivalent impedance.
NOR Gate Logic: Outputs a high signal only when all inputs are low.
Digital Telecommunication: Connection-oriented services like ATM provide reliable data transmission.
AM Modulation: The standard commercial technique is DSB-LC (Double Sideband Amplitude Modulation).
NMOS Inverter Biasing: A small W/L ratio is preferred for switch functionality.
Real-Time Kernel: An effective real-time operating system should focus on task scheduling and dispatching.
Signal Bandwidth Classification: Using bandwidth BW of 2kHz corresponds typically to voice grade HF signals.
Induction Motors Slip: At no load, slip is usually less than 1%, while medium-sized induction motors average around 4%.
Procurement Delays: A delay of 2 days in material procurement can directly impact project completion timelines.
Over-Excited Alternator: Leads to a leading power factor scenario.
Input Impedance of Cascade Amplifiers: Similar to the input impedance of the preceding stage.
Induction Motor Torque at Synchronous Speed: Results in zero torque.
Power Factor Definition: Represents the cosine of the angle between voltage and current.
Minimum Earth Cable Size: Standard gauge size is often 16 SWG.
DC Offset Removal: Best achieved using a high-pass filter.
Forward Biasing: Requires the anode to be at a higher voltage than the cathode.
Transformer Resistivity: High voltage windings typically have higher resistance compared to low voltage.
Amplifier Gain: An amplifier's gain is maximized in the active region.
MOSFET Classification: A specific type of transistor.
Loading Effects: Minimizing these effects often requires careful selection of circuit components and configurations.
Alternator Efficiency: Factors such as armature losses significantly impact efficiency on no-load conditions.
Transformer Saturation: Affects efficiency and no-load losses.
Output Impedance: For cascaded amplifiers, a low output impedance helps minimize loading effects.
Uninterruptible Power Supply Connection: Must be parallel to feed electrical power at critical times.
Neutral Line Function: Serves as the return path for fault currents in a three-phase system.
New Work Scope Actions: Engaging with management before accepting and proceeding is crucial for new project scopes.
Active Filters: Serve multiple functions, including filtering and amplification.
Embedded Systems: Should aim for optimal dynamic response characteristics.
Amplifier Gain without Feedback: Can be determined from the feedback amount applied.
Transformer Humming: Mainly caused by vibrations in core laminations.
Calculated Power: For the given circuit, wattage calculations involve complex impedance assessments.
Transmission Line Reflections: Performance can be analyzed based on reflected wave characteristics in conjunction with cable parameters.
AMP Classification: Various methods and circuitry are defined to enhance AM receiver performance.
Project Management Skills: Involves overseeing unique and non-repetitive tasks along with maintaining technical acumen.
Current Flow: Magnetic field intensity around a conductor is determined by current flow and distance from the conductor.
Braking Methods in Motors: Include dynamic, regenerative, and plugging techniques.
Final Review Processes: Important for confirming alignment with all requirements before project approvals.
Cascade Amplifiers: Impedance consideration is critical at both input and output stages to reduce loading effects.
Signal Magnitude Assessments: Voltage sources produce different current levels based on resistance configurations.
Transformer Analysis: Open circuit tests provide insight into core losses and efficiency metrics.
Electric Flux: Related to the net charge enclosed within a closed surface.
Projected Power Ratings: Calculated based on voltage variation demands and load conditions.
Cable Insulation Standards: Must reflect environmental conditions and voltage requirements.
Wave Speed in Cables: Calculated based on signal return time and cable length.

These notes encapsulate essential ideas and principles relevant to Electrical and Electronic Engineering, providing a solid foundation for further study and comprehension.### Electrical Engineering Concepts

Electrode Associations: Transition from anion to cation occurs at the positive electrode, while cation to anion transition occurs at the negative electrode.
Activity Arrows: Dummy activities can help prevent precedence problems that arise from parallel or merge activities.
Average Signal Value: For the function v(t) = 5 sin(377t), the average value is calculated as Vavg = 2Vm / π, resulting in approximately 3.2V.

Transformers and Impedance

Transformer Ratings: A 3-phase transformer rated at 25MVA, with an impedance of 8%, converts its per unit impedance to 0.32 when referenced to a 100 MVA system.
Capacitance for Power Factor Correction: A 3-phase capacitor can provide reactive power adjustments based on its rated voltage and current specifications.

Measuring Instruments and Testing

Voltmeter Resistance: A DC voltmeter with a coil resistance of 150Ω and sensitivity of 10,000Ω/V requires additional series resistance of 1MΩ to measure up to 100V.
Electronic Testing: Integration testing is critical in software lifecycle management, ensuring modules function together correctly in both top-down and bottom-up testing methodologies.

Motor Usage and Performance

Synchronous Motors: These devices can operate with a leading power factor; however, when not driving a load, they are known as synchronous condensers.
Induction Motor Specifications: For a 3-phase induction motor with specific load characteristics, line current calculations reveal phase current values, influencing overall load management.

Project Management

Scope Definition: The first step in defining a project scope is identifying major customer objectives, which is essential for project success.
Project Life Cycle: Stages include initiation, planning, execution, and delivery/closure, each crucial to project success.

Electrical Parameters and Calculations

Power Gain: A power gain of 30dB translates to an amplification factor of 1000.
Channel Capacity: Calculating channel capacity involves the signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth, which can be determined using Shannon's theorem.

Circuit Elements and Configurations

Resistor Configurations: Two resistors combined in series yield a higher resistance than in parallel configurations. Example calculations indicate specific resistance values based on combined resistance formulas.
Harmonics and Load Types: Various loads, including variable impedance, power electronics, and saturable magnetic loads, contribute to harmonics within a system.

Signal Processing and Filtering

Low-Pass Filters: Designed to stop high frequencies while allowing low frequencies to pass through.
Harmonic Sources: Identified sources of harmonics in electrical systems and their impact on signal quality.

General Engineering Principles

Voltage and Current Regulation: Understanding voltage regulation principles, including how it varies with the nature of the load, is crucial for designing stable electrical systems.
Circuit Components: The functionality of diodes, BJTs, and capacitors is fundamental in circuit design, influencing overall system performance and stability.

These notes capture key facts and concepts integral to electrical and electronic engineering, aiding in the study and understanding of complex topics.### Arithmetic Multiplication Challenges in HDL

Arithmetic multiplication in hardware description languages (HDLs) is challenging to synthesize effectively.
Solutions for this challenge exclude certain methods, such as:
- Sequential generation of partial products.
- Hardware intensive simultaneous generation of partial products.
- Implementation of Booth's algorithm to minimize partial product generation.
- Sequential right shifts of the arguments.

OP-AMP Amplifiers

Inverting amplifier input impedance is zero.
Non-inverting amplifier input impedance is infinity.
Inverting amplifier output impedance is zero.
Non-inverting amplifier output impedance is also zero and has a relative forward resistance.
Non-inverting amplifiers typically demonstrate high input and low output impedance characteristics.

Circuit Breakers

Common circuit breakers used at the distribution level include:
- Air Circuit Breaker
- Air Blast Circuit Breaker
- SF6 Circuit Breaker
- Tank Type Oil Circuit Breaker

Transistor Comparisons: BJT vs. MOSFET

BJT relies heavily on geometry for performance.
MOSFET is capable of greater amplification than BJT.
MOSFET features zero input current, implying minimal power dissipation at its input.

Data Network Characteristics

Packet-switched networks include:
- Transmitted packets that contain source/destination addresses and error control bits.
- Individual packets routed via different paths.
Packet-switched networks do not transmit packets containing only information bits.

Nyquist Sampling Theorem

The highest frequency in a signal must be less than half of the sampling frequency to avoid aliasing.

Decibel Calculation

Doubling the power results in a 3 dB increase.

Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

In optical communication, FDM is referred to as Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM).

Total Quality Management (TQM)

TQM stands for Total Quality Management.

Eliminating Intersymbol Interference

Intersymbol interference can be eliminated using the Nyquist Criterion.

Material States

Mercury (Hg) is a liquid at room temperature among commonly known materials.

Alternator Power Factor

The power factor of an alternator is influenced by its excitation level.

Reliability Calculations

For two components with individual reliabilities, the combined reliability can be calculated using R1 + R2 - (R1 * R2).

Resistance and Voltage Relationships

The relationship between current and gradually varied resistance can be represented graphically.

Interdisciplinary Skills for Engineers

Engineers benefit most from being well-trained in multiple engineering fields rather than just one.

Induction Machine

For a 50 Hz induction machine with a no-load speed of 2900 RPM, the slip frequency can be calculated using established formulas.

Filtering Components

The I/P side of the GSM network typically contains a band-pass filter.

Power Consumption reduction in Embedded Systems

Techniques to reduce power consumption include pipelining, voltage sensing, and parallelizing.

Digital Signal Processor (DSP) Requirements

A fixed point multiplier with a 16-bit data path is most cost-effective for a DSP designed for FFT operations.

Fan-Out in Logic Gates

Fan-out is defined as the number of gates connected to the output of a logic gate.

Project Management

Project scheduling involves breaking down tasks and estimating the time and resources required for each.

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

The highest element in WBS is the project itself, while the lowest is the work package.

Oscillator Circuit and Resonance

The oscillator circuit uses series resonant modes of the crystal component.

Investment Worth Calculation

Investment worth after five years can be calculated using APR rates and specific formulas.

Sustainability in Engineering

Important components of sustainability include economic, social, and environmental factors.

Measurement of Potential Difference

A voltmeter is used to measure potential difference in circuits.

Superposition Principle

Superposition applies to circuits with independent sources only, excluding dependent sources.

Health of an Instrument

Regular calibration is necessary to ensure an instrument's accuracy and prevent drift over time.

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Description

Test your knowledge on electrical and electronic engineering concepts with this comprehensive quiz. Questions cover topics such as alternators, synchronous motors, and micro antennas, challenging your understanding of power factors and operational states. Perfect for students and professionals preparing for engineering exams.