UPDA Electrical Engineering Reviewer No. 01

Questions and Answers

The room amplifier in a wireless system amplifies:

The modulated signal only

The encoded and modulated signal (correct)

The received signal

The baseband signals

Harmonic currents present in a power system may cause:

Excessive heating

Malfunctioning of the control and regulating circuits

Resonance

All of the above (correct)

What does the Kz term represent in the wind load formula Lsi = 0.613v² m/s KzGRF / CfAm²?

Force Coefficient

Wind Speed

Velocity Pressure Coefficient

Guest Response Factor (correct)

The OP-AMP circuit shown performs the function of:

Differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the best economical way to start a single-phase motor?

Capacitive method Signup and view all the answers

For which of the following circuit elements is superposition valid?

Independent source Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between EPROM and EEPROM?

EEPROM is used for operating systems storage and EPROM is for computer constants required for systems start-up. Signup and view all the answers

If fuse rated = 8 Ampere, what does that mean?

It will melt if current exceeds 8A Signup and view all the answers

CMOS inverter is superior to the R-Pull up inverter due to:

Smaller propagation delay Signup and view all the answers

The delay time for a series of activities that would not affect the project timing is called:

Total Slack (Total Float) Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following does not describe ceramic?

High Conductivity Signup and view all the answers

The device used for measuring potential difference is known as:

Voltmeter Signup and view all the answers

Which is not part of Scope Management?

Execute Scope Signup and view all the answers

The final step in the definition of a work breakdown structure is to:

Assign codes for each activity of the work package Signup and view all the answers

During transformer saturation:

The efficiency decreases and the no-load current increases Signup and view all the answers

Which material has high thermal and electrical conductivity?

Metal Signup and view all the answers

The power factor of an alternator depends on:

Load Signup and view all the answers

If an induction motor speed at no-load is 745 RPM, what is the speed of the motor?

750 RPM Signup and view all the answers

Which transmission voltage is not applicable in Qatar?

400 kV Signup and view all the answers

The assembly language is usually used for programming:

Microcontrollers Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of conductance?

Mho Signup and view all the answers

The term sustainability refers to:

Maintaining resource use at current or higher levels. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would not be classified as a direct cost?

Safety and first aid expenses Signup and view all the answers

The heat loss inside a straight conductor is 60J upon applying current I for 5s. If the resistance of the conductor is decreased to half, and the same current is applied for 5s, what will be the heat dissipation?

120J Signup and view all the answers

Why do we use power factor correction devices?

Increase PF Signup and view all the answers

If the rotor of an induction motor is rotating at synchronous speed, what is the torque?

Zero Signup and view all the answers

Cable length is 1000m; time of returning signal is 9.43µsec. What is the speed of wave in the cable?

0.75 Signup and view all the answers

An antenna has an effective aperture of 10m². What additional information is required to determine the amplifier power?

Power density Signup and view all the answers

For a 10HP single-phase motor, 0.8 PF, 240V, Efficiency = 0.6, what is the current?

64.76 A Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not an opportunity to do the project?

Lot of manpower Signup and view all the answers

An alternator is operating at __________ for capacitive loads.

Leading power factor Signup and view all the answers

A super heterodyne AM receiver within an intermediate frequency (IF) of 455 kHz is to be tuned to listen to a station at 540 kHz. What tuning frequency is used in the local oscillator?

550 kHz Signup and view all the answers

For which of the following topologies can 10BaseT not be used without additional hardware conversion?

Point to Point Signup and view all the answers

High voltage windings of transformers have _________ resistivity than the low voltage side.

Higher Signup and view all the answers

ACR of a conductor with 7 steel wires and 25 aluminum wires can be specified as:

7/32 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a rule of interaction?

Communication Signup and view all the answers

Within the battery, conventional current flow is:

Positive electrode to Negative electrode Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond guarantees that if a contractor goes broke on a project, the surety will pay the necessary amount to complete the job?

Performance bond Signup and view all the answers

A BJT is used to amplify in:

The active region Signup and view all the answers

The voltage regulation of an alternator is ___________ for capacitive loads.

Positive Signup and view all the answers

If the induction motor speed at no-load is 745 RPM, what is the speed of the motor?

750 RPM Signup and view all the answers

Increasing the current withdrawn from a battery has what effect on the battery capacity and why?

Decreased capacity, which is caused by increased polarization Signup and view all the answers

What is the equivalent resistance of 100 resistors of 100 ohm each connected in parallel?

1 ohm Signup and view all the answers

A motor is equipped with an optical shaft encoder to measure motor speed.

True Signup and view all the answers

With respect to relational record-based data models at the user level, a relation is represented in a:

Table Signup and view all the answers

What is the speed (rpm) of the motor if 372 pulses are counted in an RTI interval of 32.768 ms?

3400 Signup and view all the answers

BJT will amplify in which region?

Active Region Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is related to observation in a measuring instrument?

Precision Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of ways a digital signal can be transmitted if we need to transmit 4 bits?

16 Signup and view all the answers

When using Zener Diode in regulator circuits, the output shape is affected by:

Input current passing through the diode Signup and view all the answers

Which motor is generally used in traveling cranes?

Slip Ring AC Induction Motor Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not the transmission voltage in Qatar?

66kV Signup and view all the answers

Which of the transmission voltages is not applied in Qatar Electrical Specifications?

66kV Signup and view all the answers

In integration testing, which statement is not true?

In integration testing, either a top-down or a bottom-up approach is selected. Signup and view all the answers

The single-phase motor generally used with household ceiling fans is:

Permanent Capacitor type Signup and view all the answers

If the source voltage is $v = 100 \sin(377t)$, the peak reverse voltage applied to the diode would be:

141.1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are properties of fuses rather than circuit breakers?

Low initial costs Signup and view all the answers

The voltage measured between Corner B and ground is most nearly:

Half the phase-to-phase voltage Signup and view all the answers

The magnitude of the line current (ampere) in phase C is most nearly:

65.6 Signup and view all the answers

Which one is the harmonic source in the following list?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

A low-pass filter is used to:

Stop high frequencies Signup and view all the answers

A 3-phase, 60-Hz induction motor with a nameplate speed of 1600 rpm has how many poles?

4 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a name for a set of indices and values?

Array Signup and view all the answers

Your boss has just approved the initiation of a project to celebrate Qatar National Day. What should Sadia, the project manager, do?

Develop the project charter to do the project Signup and view all the answers

The spinning reserve is defined as:

Generating capacity that is connected to the grid and ready to take the load Signup and view all the answers

Two resistances R1 and R2 give a combined resistance of 4.5 ohms when in series and 1 ohm when in parallel. The resistances are:

3 ohms and 6 ohms Signup and view all the answers

An underground system built for a military marine system requires insulation for which voltage level?

√3) A Signup and view all the answers

The voltage gain of an amplifier with 9% negative feedback is 10. What is the voltage gain without feedback?

100 Signup and view all the answers

In block plots, what type is represented?

High pass filter Signup and view all the answers

Which terminal represents the control input of a BJT?

Base Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum standard wire gauge of earth wire?

10 SWG Signup and view all the answers

An activity in a project network can be represented by which of the following?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Harmonics in a system is mainly due to:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which is the analysis technique to determine the effect of multi-sources?

Superposition Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by ethics?

General concepts of right and wrong behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What voltage V across a 50-U resistor in the figure?

71 Signup and view all the answers

The collector region of a transistor is doped how?

Lightly Signup and view all the answers

A transmitter operating at 23.6GHz has a power output of 20nW. The received power is located 8 miles from the transmitter.

124 Signup and view all the answers

Which phase in transmission is used for?

R-Phase Signup and view all the answers

In HDL based digital systems, the arithmetic multiplication function which design solution to this challenge do not include:

Sequential right shifts of the arguments Signup and view all the answers

An OP-AMP based inverting amplifier; the INPUT impedance is:

Infinity Signup and view all the answers

An OP-AMP based Non-inverting amplifier; the INPUT impedance is:

Infinity Signup and view all the answers

An OP-AMP based Inverting amplifier; the OUTPUT impedance is:

Zero Signup and view all the answers

An OP-AMP based Non-inverting amplifier; the OUTPUT impedance is:

Zero Signup and view all the answers

What is the common circuit breaker used in the distribution level?

Air Circuit Breaker Signup and view all the answers

When comparing BJT and MOSFET transistors, which statement is correct?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the engineering characteristics can best explain the concept?

Quantitative Thinking Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics of a data network is never correct of a packet switched network?

A transmitted packet contains only information bits. Signup and view all the answers

According to the Nyquist Sampling Theorem, for no aliasing in the sampled signal, the highest frequency in the signal must be:

Less than half of the sampling frequency. Signup and view all the answers

If the signal is power doubled at a given transmitter, what is the decibel increase?

3 dB Signup and view all the answers

In optical communication, Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) is called?

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) Signup and view all the answers

TQM stands for:

Total Quality Management Signup and view all the answers

Intersymbol interference is eliminated by applying which of the following?

Nyquist Criterion Signup and view all the answers

Which is liquid in the following substances?

Hg Signup and view all the answers

The power factor of an alternator is obtained from its:

Load Signup and view all the answers

What is the combination of reliability of both circuit components R1 and R2 if R1 = 0.92 ohms and R2 = 0.85 ohms?

0.99 Signup and view all the answers

If variable resistance R is connected across a source of voltage V, which curve represents the relationship between I and R as R is varied?

Figure A Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true considering the interdisciplinary nature of engineering projects?

Engineers should be well trained in multiple engineering fields. Signup and view all the answers

In a 50Hz induction machine, if the no-load speed is 2900 RPM, what is the slip frequency?

0.33 Hz Signup and view all the answers

The I/P side of the GSM network should contain:

Low Pass Filter Signup and view all the answers

Power consumption in Advanced Embedded can be reduced by using:

Voltage sensing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regression models is not considered a linear regression for predicting Y in terms of X?

A Signup and view all the answers

Which device is faster and consumes less power in large scale projects?

ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) Signup and view all the answers

Figure 1.5.1 asks what is the purpose of Block B?

A Tuned RF Amplifier Signup and view all the answers

In terms of hierarchical breakdown of Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), what is the highest element?

The project Signup and view all the answers

What is the lowest element in the hierarchical breakdown of WBS?

A Work Package Signup and view all the answers

A Digital Signal Processor (DSP) performing FFT for a digital oscilloscope should utilize which ALU architecture?

Fixed point multiplier with a 16-bit data path Signup and view all the answers

The fan out of a logic gate is defined as:

The number of gates connected to its output Signup and view all the answers

The process of splitting a project into tasks and estimating time and resources is called:

Project scheduling Signup and view all the answers

A large scale integrated (LSI) circuit described here is best termed what?

Phase Locked Loop Signup and view all the answers

A 3-phase distribution line conductor configuration is as follows:

5 Signup and view all the answers

In a ground fault protection scheme, the purpose of R is to:

A, B, C are correct Signup and view all the answers

What are the early and late start times of activity D for the project?

ES = 19, LS = 24 Signup and view all the answers

Which figure represents the relationship between voltage and current in accordance with Ohm's Law?

Figure D Signup and view all the answers

Which estimate listed would occur last in the project timeline?

Bid Estimate Signup and view all the answers

What is the transfer function Y/R for the block diagram shown below?

---Correct Answer Signup and view all the answers

In figure 1, the values of the transformed source and resistor in a circuit are most nearly:

C Signup and view all the answers

An alternator is said to be over excited when it is operating at:

Leading power factor Signup and view all the answers

A synchronous motor is said to be over excited when it is operating at:

Leading power factor Signup and view all the answers

A micro antenna is:

Short Antenna Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use for fast track scheduling:

To avoid future cost increase Signup and view all the answers

In Harvard Architecture:

Code and data spaces are separated Signup and view all the answers

The direction of the force acting on a moving charge placed in a magnetic field is:

Perpendicular to the magnetic field Signup and view all the answers

The unit of conductance is:

mho Signup and view all the answers

ABET stands for Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology.

True Signup and view all the answers

The phase shift of the transfer function V/Vo at very high frequencies is:

-90° Signup and view all the answers

The third harmonic of the Fourier series for the waveform has a frequency (Hz) of:

750 Signup and view all the answers

The wire placed on the top of a transmission line is a:

Phase wire Signup and view all the answers

For the circuit shown phase shift of the transfer function V/Vo at very high frequencies is:

6.6 Signup and view all the answers

Of the following engineering disciplines, who would be best suited to design and operate an automobile factory?

Mechanical Engineer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the leakage flux?

A flux outside the core Signup and view all the answers

Fast Tracking in Project means?

Start the project before the design is complete Signup and view all the answers

We have three resistances of values 2, 3, and 6. Which of the following combinations will give an effective resistance of 4?

2 resistances in series with parallel combination of 3 and 6 resistances Signup and view all the answers

At 100°C, the maximum output voltage at Vo/Vs due to the tolerances in Rz is most nearly:

7.4 Signup and view all the answers

The condition for successful parallel operation of transformers is:

All of these Signup and view all the answers

The output of a NOR gate is HIGH if __________.

all inputs are LOW Signup and view all the answers

Digital telecommunication equipment provides connection-oriented AND/OR connectionless service, connection-oriented service is provided by:

ATM Signup and view all the answers

Commercial AM Modulation technique is:

DSB-LC Signup and view all the answers

For last switching of an NMOS R-pull-up inverter (W/L) should be:

Large Signup and view all the answers

At a minimum, a kernel should provide:

Task scheduling, task dispatching, inter-task communication Signup and view all the answers

A certain communication signal uses a bandwidth BW of 2 kHz. What is the classification of this signal?

Narrowband VLF Signup and view all the answers

In an induction motor, no load the slip is generally:

Less than 1% Signup and view all the answers

Minimum voltage regulation occurs when the power factor of the load is:

Unity Signup and view all the answers

In medium-sized induction motors, the slip is generally around:

4% Signup and view all the answers

The manufacturing company gets materials from 2 suppliers X & Y. If X delays the procurement of materials by 2 days and the company takes 10 days to obtain the material, what shall be the delays (days) for product completion?

2 Signup and view all the answers

If an alternator is over excited:

PF is leading Signup and view all the answers

The input impedance of a cascade amplifier will:

Same as input impedance of first Signup and view all the answers

The rotor of an induction motor is rotating at synchronous speed. What is Torque?

Zero Signup and view all the answers

What does the power factor stand for?

Cosine of the angle between the voltage and current Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum gauge size of the earthing cable?

10 Signup and view all the answers

To get rid of DC offset use?

High pass filter Signup and view all the answers

For forward biasing:

Anode 5V cathode 3V Signup and view all the answers

Transformer resistivity:

High voltage higher than low voltage Signup and view all the answers

An amplifier working with good gain is in:

Active region Signup and view all the answers

What is MOSFET?

Transistor Signup and view all the answers

To minimize loading effect use?

Inductors Signup and view all the answers

An alternator connected on no-load condition, what affects the efficiency?

Armature losses Signup and view all the answers

Transformer saturation:

Low efficiency, high no load losses Signup and view all the answers

What will be the output impedance of a cascade amplifier to minimize the loading effect?

Low Signup and view all the answers

Uninterruptible Power System has to be connected to the network by:

Parallel to feed electrical power at normal time Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the neutral line in the 3-phase power system?

As return path for the normal current Signup and view all the answers

An engineer received a new scope of work which is not included in the original scope. What action should he take?

He has to inform his boss first Signup and view all the answers

An active filter will:

Filter and Amplify Signup and view all the answers

Embedded system should have the best:

Dynamic response Signup and view all the answers

If the gain of an amplifier is 10 and has 9% negative feedback, what will be the gain if the feedback is removed?

100 Signup and view all the answers

Humming of a transformer is due to:

Vibration of laminated core Signup and view all the answers

Determine the wattage for I = 5 Cos wt + 2 Cos wt, R = 3 Ohms:

78 Signup and view all the answers

A 1000m cable is terminated with a short circuit at the far end. The first reflected wave appears 9.43µs after the incident wave. The actual velocity in the cable divided by the speed of light is:

0.71 Signup and view all the answers

High voltage winding of a transformer has ________ resistivity than the low voltage side.

Higher Signup and view all the answers

Three 30µF capacitors are connected in star (Y) form. The capacitance (µF) between terminals A and B is most nearly:

15 Signup and view all the answers

The output D in the circuit is:

(A+B)(B+C) Signup and view all the answers

Power consumption in the advanced embedded system is:

80% Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the Vout:

5V Signup and view all the answers

Harmonics in a system is mainly due to:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Main objective of the transmission system:

Reliability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following parallel resistance will have the highest value of the equivalent resistance?

Two 500 kOhm resistors Signup and view all the answers

In the receiver of a wireless system, we must amplify the received signal using:

A low-noise amplifier Signup and view all the answers

An overcurrent relay is used to protect a circuit with a maximum 3-phase fault current of 8000A. Primary A 400:5 current transformer ratio and a 5A relay tap setting are selected. If the total secondary burden on the current transformer for the maximum fault condition is 1:10, what is the excitation voltage (V) that must be developed by the current transformer?

100 Signup and view all the answers

In the 3-phase system, the neutral is:

Normal return path for the current Signup and view all the answers

Which circuit breaker is used at the distribution level?

Air circuit breaker Signup and view all the answers

Open circuit test on a transformer is conducted to obtain:

Core loss only Signup and view all the answers

The electric flux passing out through a closed surface is equal to:

The total charge enclosed by the surface Signup and view all the answers

The output is to be maintained at 24V, while the input varies from 120V to 126V with a load current ranging from 0A to 5A. Assuming ideal conditions, what is the minimum power of the supply resistor?

500 Signup and view all the answers

On the question above, what is the minimum diode power rating that can be used?

500 Signup and view all the answers

On the question above, what is the required supply resistance to ensure proper operation of the Zener regulator circuit?

24 Signup and view all the answers

On the question above, what is the Maximum Zener current?

4.3 Amps Signup and view all the answers

Find the total float of activity D for the project:

3 Signup and view all the answers

The self-discharge rate of a lead-acid battery is least dependent on which of the following factors?

Nominal voltage of battery Signup and view all the answers

The minimum standard wire gauge of earth wire is:

10 SWG Signup and view all the answers

The unit of current is:

Ampere Signup and view all the answers

The most economical method of starting a single-phase motor is:

Split-phase method Signup and view all the answers

In the circuit shown, which resistor(s) is (are) redundant?

R1 and R4 Signup and view all the answers

A copper cable used in a plain old telephone service line has a loss of 1.5 dB/km. What is the approximate loss experienced if the user is located 1.5km from a central office?

15 dB Signup and view all the answers

A lossy transmission line is used to connect a transmitter to an antenna. If the VSWR measured at the antenna end of the transmission line is 1.5, which of the following statement is correct?

The VSWR measured at the transmitter end of the transmission line is greater than 1.5 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is not typical of a project manager:

Possesses in depth technical knowledge Signup and view all the answers

The voltage gain of an amplifier with 9% negative feedback is 10. The voltage gain without feedback will be:

100 Signup and view all the answers

A DC current of 50A is flowing in an isolated wire. The magnitude of the magnetic field intensity, H (A/m), 10cm from the center of the wire is: H = I/2r

8 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of braking is used in an induction motor?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the common method to ensure that the final set of construction documents satisfy the client's program and design goals?

Have the client review a final check set for compliance with the program requirements and request that any corrections be noted. Signup and view all the answers

In a cascade amplifier, to reduce the loading effect at the output, the output impedance of the last stage should be:

Very small Signup and view all the answers

In a cascade amplifier, to reduce the loading effect at the input, the input impedance of the first stage should be:

Very high Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following circuits will the voltage source produce the most current?

10 Voltage across two 10 Ohm resistors in parallel Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following theorem is used for frequency?

Shannon Theorem Signup and view all the answers

The main cause of transformer humming is:

Vibrations in the core lamination Signup and view all the answers

If the induction motor speed at no-load is 745 RPM, what is the speed of the motor?

700 RPM Signup and view all the answers

Synchronous speed for a motor running at 1600 RPM, 60 Hz, calculate number of poles.

P = 4 Signup and view all the answers

At what region of operation is the base emitter junction forward biased and the base collector junction reverse biased for BJT?

Linear or active Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Zener diode?

The Zener diode is used for voltage regulation. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Alternators and Synchronous Motors

An alternator is over excited when it operates at a leading power factor.
A synchronous motor is also over excited in a leading power factor condition.

Antennas and Scheduling

Micro antenna refers to a short antenna.
Fast track scheduling aims to avoid future cost increases.

Harvard Architecture

Harvard Architecture features separate spaces for code and data.

Force on Moving Charge

The force acting on a moving charge in a magnetic field is perpendicular to the magnetic field.

Electrical Units

The unit of conductance is the mho.
ABET stands for the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology.

Transfer Functions and Harmonics

High-frequency transfer function phase shift can be -90°.
The third harmonic corresponds to a frequency of 750 Hz.

Electrical Wiring and Components

A wire on top of a transmission line is typically a phase wire.
Identical voltage and frequency ratings are crucial for parallel operation of transformers.

Project Management

Fast tracking in projects means starting before design completion.
A mechanical engineer is most suited to design and operate an automobile factory.

Amplifiers and Noise Figures

Total noise figure of a cascaded RF amplifier stages can be estimated using the appropriate formulas.
Input and output impedance considerations are crucial in cascade amplifiers to minimize loading effects.

Induction Motors

In an induction motor at no load, the slip is generally less than 1%.
Torque is zero when the rotor is at synchronous speed.

Power Factor and Electricity Standards

Power factor represents the cosine of the angle between voltage and current.
Minimum gauge size for earthing cable is 8.

Filtering and Signal Properties

To eliminate DC offset, a high-pass filter should be used.
A low-noise amplifier is necessary to amplify received signals in wireless systems.

Relay Protection and Circuit Breakers

An overcurrent relay safeguards circuits with a defined maximum fault current.
Air circuit breakers are typically used at the distribution level.

Losses and Environmental Factors

Open circuit tests on transformers evaluate core loss.
Self-discharge rates of lead-acid batteries depend least on nominal voltage.

Electrical Theory and Components

The voltage gain in amplifiers with feedback can be calculated based on negative feedback percentages.
The speed of wave propagation in a cable relates directly to cable length and signal return time.

Induction Motor and Braking

Multiple methods including regenerative, dynamic, and plugging can be applied for braking induction motors.

Zener Diodes and Heat Loss

Zener diodes mainly serve voltage regulation.
Heat dissipation in conductors follows Joule's law and varies with resistance changes.

Harmonics and System Efficiency

Harmonics arise due to variable impedance loads and power electronics in a system.
Primary objectives of transmission systems include reliability and voltage regulation.

Resistor Configurations and Current Production

Parallel resistances produce different equivalent resistance values, impacting current distribution.

Practical Applications and Design Calculations

Power requirements for Zener regulator circuits must account for load conditions.
For inductive loads, motor torque characteristics change significantly when operating at synchronous speeds.### Questions and Answers
The tuning frequency of a local oscillator for a superheterodyne AM receiver with an IF of 455 kHz, tuned to 540 kHz, is 995 kHz.
10BaseT cannot be used without additional hardware conversion in a Point to Point topology.
High voltage windings of a transformer have higher resistivity than the low voltage side.
The ACR of a conductor with 7 steel wires and 25 aluminum wires is specified as 7/25.
In the given circuit, the output D can be expressed as AB + AC.
The speed of a wave in a cable with a length of 1000m and a returning signal time of 9.43µsec is approximately 0.75.
The no-load equivalent circuit of an induction machine resembles that of a transformer with an open-circuited secondary.
The power gain of 30dB corresponds to an amplification factor of 1000.

Electrical and Electronic Concepts

The power factor of an alternator is influenced by the rotor speed, core losses, load connected, and armature losses.
Fluorescent light flickers primarily due to low frequency.
Frequency representation in activity on a project network can be shown using an arrow or a node.
ABET is an accrediting agency for engineering education programs.
A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) generator utilizes modulo 2 division.
Project scope planning begins with defining objectives and customer requirements.
Fast Track refers to construction starting before design completion.

Electrical Calculations and Measurements

For a no-load synchronous motor operating at a slip of zero, it's functioning efficiently with no significant losses.
The channel capacity for a communication channel with a signal-to-noise ratio of 7 and a bandwidth of 10 kHz is approximately 30000 bps.
The greatest measurement error in Vsense for a 4-wire RTD circuit can be caused by increasing lead resistance.
The equivalent resistance of 100 resistors of 100 ohms each connected in parallel is 1 ohm.

Component Characteristics and Functionality

The main cause of transformer humming is vibration in core lamination.
An overexcited alternator operates at a leading power factor.
The forward bias condition of diodes is determined by the voltage at the anode compared to the cathode.
The minimum standard wire gauge for earth wire is 20 SWG.
The type of bond ensuring project completion if a contractor fails is a performance bond.

Project Management and Power Systems

The forward pass in project network calculation determines the earliest start and end times of activities.
A split phase or capacitor start single-phase motor is commonly used in household ceiling fans.
A phase-to-ground voltage in a grounded delta load can be calculated from phase-to-phase voltage.
The reactive power absorbed by a capacitor serving a 3-phase induction motor can be calculated using the power formula.

Technical Principles and Standards

A synchronous motor functioning with no mechanical load is referred to as a synchronous condenser.
The voltage regulation of an alternator is negative for capacitive loads.
The primary difference between two programmable logic arrays is the number of input pins, as designated by their nomenclature.
In the context of digital signals, the maximum number of ways to transmit 4 bits is 16.

Miscellaneous

The relative permeability of a permanent magnet is typically higher than other magnetic materials.
The best mixture for filling around an earth electrode for effective earthing includes a lime-sand mixture.
High rupturing capacity (HRC) means fuses can withstand high fault currents without breaking.
A digital signal requiring modulation for transmission can be calculated using bit techniques.### Electronics and Electrical Engineering Concepts
Low-pass filters allow low frequencies to pass while blocking high frequencies.
Induction motors can be characterized by the number of poles; a 60-Hz motor with 1600 RPM operates with 4 poles.
Arrays serve as a collection of indices and values in programming.
Project management involves establishing reporting processes, scoping projects, and developing project charters.
Spinning reserve refers to generating capacity that is ready to take on load.

Circuit Analysis and Components

Combined resistance in series is different from parallel configurations; understanding calculation methods is key.
Fault analysis for underground systems must assess insulation voltage levels appropriately.
Amplifier voltage gain can be affected by negative feedback; understanding this relationship is crucial.

Project Management and Estimation

The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) defines task hierarchies in project management, with deliverables at the top and work packages at the bottom.
Effective project scheduling requires dividing tasks and estimating resources accurately.

Electrical Characteristics and Laws

Harmonic currents are primarily caused by variable loads and power electronics.
Ohm’s Law relates current, voltage, and resistance in simple circuits.
The fan-out of a logic gate is defined as the number of gates connected to its output.

Advanced Topics in Engineering

Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is essential in systems requiring fast and power-efficient processing.
The Nyquist Sampling Theorem prevents aliasing by ensuring that the highest frequency in a signal is less than half the sampling frequency.
Total Quality Management (TQM) emphasizes the systemic approach to quality in engineering and production.

Practical Applications and Maintenance

Understanding power factor and excitation in alternators can affect load management in electrical systems.
Different materials have varying thermal and electrical conductivity; metals typically outperform ceramics in conductivity.
Assessments of circuits require knowledge of components such as OP-AMPs and their input/output impedances.

Financial Management in Projects

Payback period calculations are essential for understanding the profitability of investment projects; net annual profits should be evaluated against desired rates of return.
Risk management should account for the reliability of circuit components and their effect on overall system performance.

Safety and Standards

Familiarity with wire gauge standards is crucial for electrical installations to prevent overloading.
Ground fault protection schemes design safety features in electrical circuits to maintain safety during faults.

Miscellaneous Concepts

Analysis techniques like Kirchhoff's Law and the Superposition Principle are vital for solving complex circuit problems.
Reliability of circuit components should be assessed holistically when designing systems.

This compilation covers essential concepts vital for engineering examinations and provides a structured insight into various topics relevant to electronics and electrical engineering principles.

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Test your knowledge of electrical and electronic engineering concepts with this reviewer material. The quiz covers topics such as alternators, synchronous motors, and micro antennas. Perfect for engineering students preparing for exams or reviews.