Electrical Engineering Reviewer Material No. 01

Questions and Answers

The speed (rpm) of the motor is:

3400 (correct)

568

3276

BJT will amplify in which region?

Passive Region

Saturation Region

Active Region (correct)

Ohmic Region

Which of the following is related to observation in a measuring instrument?

Accuracy (correct)

Precision (correct)

Reproducibility (correct)

If we need to transmit 4 bits, what is the maximum number of ways it can be transmitted?

16 Signup and view all the answers

When using a Zener Diode in regulator circuits, the output shape will be affected by:

Dynamic resistance of the diode Signup and view all the answers

The motor used in traveling cranes is:

Ward Leonard Controlled DC Shunt Motor Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not the transmission voltage in Qatar?

400 kV Signup and view all the answers

Which of the transmission voltage is not applied in Qatar Electrical Specifications?

400 kV Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not true concerning integration tests?

Integration testing is employed to integrate separately tested pieces. Signup and view all the answers

The forward pass in project network calculation determines the:

Duration of the project Signup and view all the answers

The single-phase motor generally used with household ceiling fans is:

Split phase type Signup and view all the answers

The peak reverse voltage applied to the diode would be:

141.1 Signup and view all the answers

Which item is the property of circuit breakers?

Adjustable time-current characteristics Signup and view all the answers

The voltage measured between Corner B and ground is most nearly:

Half the Phase-to-phase voltage Signup and view all the answers

The magnitude of the line current (ampere) in phase C is most nearly:

55.8 Signup and view all the answers

Which one is the harmonic source?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

A low-pass filter is used to:

Stop high frequencies Signup and view all the answers

A 3-phase, 60-Hz induction motor has a nameplate speed of 1600 rpm. This motor has how many poles?

4.0 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a name for a set of indices and values?

Array Signup and view all the answers

The spinning reserve is the:

Generating capacity that is connected to the grid and ready to take the load Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is not correct based on Ohm’s Law?

Current / Potential = Constant Signup and view all the answers

The room amplifier in a wireless system amplifies:

The encoded and modulated signal Signup and view all the answers

Harmonic currents present in a power system may cause:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What does the Kz term represent in the wind load formula?

Guest Response Factor Signup and view all the answers

The OP-AMP circuit shown performs the function of:

Differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the best economical way to start a single-phase motor?

Capacitive method Signup and view all the answers

Strength of materials refers to:

Ability to withstand an applied load without failure or plastic deformation Signup and view all the answers

For which of the following circuit elements is superposition valid?

Independent source Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between EPROM and EEPROM?

EEPROM is erased by exposing ultraviolet and EPROM by electrically. Signup and view all the answers

Why is steel used in concrete structures?

Temperature expansion coefficient is same with cement/concrete Signup and view all the answers

For a 12 AWG wire, we should use circuit breaker rating:

10A Signup and view all the answers

If fuse rate = 8 Ampere, what does this mean?

It will melt if current exceeds 8A Signup and view all the answers

CMOS Inverter is superior to the R-Pull up inverter due to:

Symmetric transfer characteristics Signup and view all the answers

The delay time for a series of activities that would not affect project timing is called:

Total Slack (Total Float) Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following does not describe ceramic?

High Conductivity Signup and view all the answers

The device used for measuring potential difference is known as:

Voltmeter Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systems uses Assembly language?

Both A & B Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of conductance?

Mho Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not classified as a direct cost?

Safety and first aid expenses Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of decomposing deliverables into smaller, more manageable components?

Each work element can be found in the WBS Signup and view all the answers

The heat loss inside a straight conductor is 60J upon applying current I for 5s. If the resistance of the conductor is decreased to half, and the same current is applied for 5s, what will be the heat dissipation?

30J Signup and view all the answers

Why do we use a power factor correction device to:

Increase PF Signup and view all the answers

Rotor of an induction motor is rotating at synchronous speed, what is the torque?

Zero Signup and view all the answers

The underground cable is laid in a marine environment at system voltage A. What shall be the design of the cable insulation?

√3 A Signup and view all the answers

Cable length is 1000m, time of returning signal is 9.43µsec. What is the speed of wave in the cable?

1 Signup and view all the answers

An antenna has an effective aperture of 10m². What additional information is required to determine the amplifier power?

Power density Signup and view all the answers

10HP single phase motor, 0.8 PF, 240V, Efficiency = 0.6, what is the current?

64.76 A Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not an opportunity to do the project?

Lot of Manpower Signup and view all the answers

For the shown block diagram, what is the dumping ratio O/P / I/P = U/R where S = 1?

0.7 Signup and view all the answers

An alternator is operating at __________ for capacitive loads.

Leading power factor Signup and view all the answers

The activity on node networks shown below describes a project consisting of 8 tasks A-H. Each node indicates duration in weeks relationship are finish-to-start. The minimum time to complete the project is?

16 weeks Signup and view all the answers

A super heterodyne AM receiver within an intermediate frequency (IF) of 455 kHz is to be tuned to listen to a station at 540 kHz. What tuning frequency is used in the local oscillator?

550 kHz Signup and view all the answers

For which of the following topologies can 10BaseT not be used without additional hardware conversion?

Point to Point Signup and view all the answers

High voltage windings of a transformer have _________ resistivity than the low voltage side.

Higher Signup and view all the answers

ACR of a conductor with 7 steel wires and 25 aluminum wires can be specified as:

7/25 Signup and view all the answers

The output D in the circuit is:

AB + BC Signup and view all the answers

Cable length is 1000m, time of returning signal is 9.43µsec what is speed of wave in the cable?

1 Signup and view all the answers

The equivalent circuit of an induction machine at no load is the same as that of the transformer but with:

Open circuited secondary Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is not a rule of interaction?

Communication Signup and view all the answers

Within the battery, conventional current flow is:

Positive electrode to Negative electrode Signup and view all the answers

Activity on arrow needs to use dummy activities to avoid precedence problem that can happen due to:

Burst Activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the average value of signal v(t) = 5 sin377t?

3.2 Signup and view all the answers

A 3 phase transformer, 25MVA, 66-12.47kV, delta-wye connected, 8 percent impedance. On the 100 MVA, per unit impedance is most nearly:

0.32 Signup and view all the answers

A DC Voltmeter with coil resistance 150Ω is to be measured with sensitivity of 10,000Ω/V and the voltage Range 0-100V. What type and magnitude of resistance required?

Series, 1M ohm Signup and view all the answers

The offset of a particular segment varies from:

0000H to FFFFH Signup and view all the answers

The power gain of 30dB is equivalent to which amplification factor?

1000 Signup and view all the answers

The power factor of an alternator depends on:

Load connected to the machine Signup and view all the answers

Fluorescent light flickers due to:

Low frequency Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following theorem is used for frequency?

Shannon Theorem Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can represent an activity on a project network?

Both A & C are correct Signup and view all the answers

The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) is an accrediting agency for:

An engineering education program Signup and view all the answers

A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) generator is based on what operation?

Modulo 2 Division Signup and view all the answers

First step of scope planning starts with:

Objective and requirements to satisfy customer Signup and view all the answers

The term Fast Track means:

Construction starts before the design is complete Signup and view all the answers

In the figure:

9Ω and 6Ω in parallel and the combination in series with 3Ω Signup and view all the answers

Cascade amplifier is used to reduce load effect; the output impedance will be:

Low Signup and view all the answers

Output of Cascade amplifier is:

Output of the last stage Signup and view all the answers

The CPU architecture shown in the figure below is best described as:

1-Stage pipeline architecture Signup and view all the answers

Incandescent lamp will work normally with best efficiency at the power factor is:

Unity Signup and view all the answers

HRC Fuse means High Rupturing Capacity?

True Signup and view all the answers

System means group of elements making a function?

True Signup and view all the answers

A certain communication channel has a signal to noise ratio of 7 and a bandwidth of 10kHz. What is the channel capacity?

30000 bps Signup and view all the answers

Software maintenance activities can be classified into several maintenance types. Which of the following is not a software maintenance type?

Customer-initiated maintenance Signup and view all the answers

An industrial plant is served by a 12470-v delta/480-v grounded-wye transformer. The high voltage side of the transformer is served from a 12470-v wye-connected distribution line that has a grounded neutral. The best protection of the transformer against lightning strikes on the 12470-v line will result from surge arrester connection of:

Phase to ground on the 12470-v side of the transformer Signup and view all the answers

The primary difference between a programmable logic array designated 16R8 and one designated 20R8 is that the 20R8 has:

Four additional input pins Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond guarantees that if a contractor goes broke on a project, the surety will pay the necessary amount to complete the job?

Performance bond Signup and view all the answers

The one-line diagram below represents three single-phase transformers connected in a delta-wye arrangement and rated for the line to line voltages indicated. The turns ratio of the individual single-phase transformer is mostly nearly:

4.8 Signup and view all the answers

An engineer chooses open collector output TTL technology to provide sufficient current to drive a device. The circuit shown is implemented with a 7405 package and corresponds to which logic function (assume that a logic 0 corresponds to 0V)?

NAND Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following junction nodes are forward biased?

Anode = +5V, Cathode = +3V Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the sequential steps in an Object-Oriented design?

Define classes, define interface techniques, define collaboration diagrams, define design diagrams Signup and view all the answers

Increasing the current withdrawn from a battery has what effect on the battery capacity and why?

Decreased capacity, which is caused by increased polarization Signup and view all the answers

The only load on a 3-phase, 4-wire system is placed between phase B and phase C. The phase to phase voltage is 13.2kV. The load is 500kVA at 0.85 lagging power factor. The magnitude of the line current (amperes) in phase C is most nearly:

37.9 Signup and view all the answers

A BJT is used to amplify in:

the active region Signup and view all the answers

An over excited alternator is operating at:

Leading power factor Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes how a power transformer’s total losses vary with kVA load?

Losses are proportional to the square of the load plus a constant Signup and view all the answers

A power plant uses a turbine-driven synchronous generator rated 3-phase, 150MVA, 13.8kV, 0.85 lagging power factor. At all the rated conditions, the power output (MW) is most nearly:

128 Signup and view all the answers

The main cause for transformer humming is:

Vibration in the core lamination Signup and view all the answers

A synchronous motor working on a leading power factor but not driving any mechanical load is known as:

Synchronous condenser Signup and view all the answers

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and other array logic devices normally contain numerous flip-flops. These flip-flops are generally of the type:

D Signup and view all the answers

The minimum standard wire gauge of earth wire is:

8 SWG Signup and view all the answers

With respect to relational record-based data models at the user level, a relation is represented in a:

Table Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following choices is not one of the stages of a project life cycle?

Concept Signup and view all the answers

Out of the following, which is the best example of a project?

Studying till getting graduate degree Signup and view all the answers

For the 4-wire RTD circuit shown, which of the following would cause the greatest measurement error in Vsense?

Increase lead B resistance by 3 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following parallel resistances will have the highest value of equivalent resistance?

Two 500 kohm resistors Signup and view all the answers

100 resistors of 100 ohm each connected in parallel. What is the equivalent resistance?

1 ohm Signup and view all the answers

A 3-phase capacitor rated at 240V and 110 kVAR has been proposed for correcting the power factor of a 3-phase induction motor operating at 280 V. The reactive power (kVAR) that will be provided by the capacitor is most nearly:

82.6 Signup and view all the answers

A series of fuel cells is connected to produce a no-load voltage of 230V at a rated voltage of 300V. The cells provide 2.0MW to a DC-AC converter. Assuming the cells can be modeled as a standard battery, what is the total internal resistance of the fuel cells?

0.05 Signup and view all the answers

Permanent magnet has a relative permeability that is _________ magnetic material:

Higher than Signup and view all the answers

For effective earthing, which of the following mixture is preferred for filling around the earth electrode?

Lime-Sand mixture Signup and view all the answers

A discrete silicon semiconductor diode is forward biased at 0.75V, what is the approximate current?

3.0 mA Signup and view all the answers

For last switching of an NMOS R-pull up inverter (W/L) should be:

Small Signup and view all the answers

The voltage regulation of an alternator is ___________ for capacitive loads.

Negative Signup and view all the answers

The first step of project scope definition is to:

Define the major objectives to meet the customer needs Signup and view all the answers

While machine in operation, the slip of the synchronous machine is:

Low Signup and view all the answers

If the induction motor speed at no-load is 745 RPM, what is the speed of the motor?

750 RPM Signup and view all the answers

Synchronous speed for a motor of 1600 RPM, 60hz, calculate number of poles.

P = 4 Signup and view all the answers

BJT will act as a switch in which region:

Saturation region Signup and view all the answers

What is pipe-lining?

Both Signup and view all the answers

A room with a floor area of 50ft x 30ft and a ceiling height of 10ft has luminaires suspended 2ft from the ceiling. Assuming a working plane of 30in and a required illumination level of 50fc, the net luminous flux (lumens) using fixtures with a coefficient of utilization of 0.78 is most nearly:

48000 Signup and view all the answers

An alternator is said to be over excited when it is operating at:

Leading power factor Signup and view all the answers

A synchronous motor is said to be over excited when it is operating at:

Leading power factor Signup and view all the answers

A micro antenna is:

Short antenna Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use for fast track scheduling?

To avoid future cost increase Signup and view all the answers

In Harvard Architecture:

Code and data spaces separated Signup and view all the answers

The direction of the force acting on a moving charge placed in a magnetic field is:

Perpendicular to the magnetic field Signup and view all the answers

The unit of conductance is:

Mho Signup and view all the answers

ABET stands for Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology.

True Signup and view all the answers

For the circuit shown, the phase shift of the transfer function V/Vo at very high frequencies is:

-90° Signup and view all the answers

The third harmonic of the Fourier series for the waveform in the figure has a frequency (Hz) of:

750 Signup and view all the answers

The wire placed on the top of a transmission line is a:

Phase wire Signup and view all the answers

Consider the three-stages r-f amplifier configuration. The total noise figure (dB) is most nearly:

8.6 Signup and view all the answers

Of the following engineering disciplines, who would be BEST suited to design and operate an automobile factory?

Mechanical Engineer Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the leakage flux?

A flux outside the core Signup and view all the answers

Fast Tracking in Project means?

Start the project before the design complete Signup and view all the answers

We have three resistances of values 2Ω, 3Ω, and 6Ω. Which of the following combinations will give an effective resistance of 4Ω?

2 resistances in series with parallel combination of 3 and 6 resistances Signup and view all the answers

This question investigates the performance of the temperature sensor. The operation amplifier (op amp) is ideal. At 100°C, the maximum output voltage at Vo/Vs due to the tolerances in Rz is most nearly:

7.4 Signup and view all the answers

The condition for successful parallel operation of transformers is:

All of these Signup and view all the answers

The output of a NOR gate is HIGH if __________.

all inputs are LOW Signup and view all the answers

Digital telecommunication equipment provides connection-oriented AND/OR connectionless service, connection-oriented service is provided by:

ATM Signup and view all the answers

Commercial AM Modulation technique is:

DSB-LC Signup and view all the answers

For last switching of an NMOS R-pull-up inverter (W/L) should be:

Large Signup and view all the answers

A real-time kernel is considered a 'bare bones' real-time operating system. At a minimum, a kernel should provide:

Task scheduling, task dispatching, inter-task communication Signup and view all the answers

A certain communication signal uses a bandwidth BW of 2kHz. What is the classification of this signal?

Narrowband VLF Signup and view all the answers

In an induction motor, no load the slip is generally:

Less than 1% Signup and view all the answers

Minimum voltage regulation occurs when the power factor of the load is:

Unity Signup and view all the answers

In medium-sized induction motors, the slip is generally around:

4% Signup and view all the answers

The manufacturing company gets materials from 2 suppliers X & Y. If X delays the procurement of materials by 2 days and the company takes 10 days to obtain the material, what shall be the delays (days) for product completion?

2 Signup and view all the answers

If an alternator is over excited:

PF is leading Signup and view all the answers

The input impedance of a cascade amplifier will:

Same as the entire circuit Signup and view all the answers

The rotor of an induction motor is rotating at synchronous speed. What is the torque?

Zero Signup and view all the answers

What does the power factor stand for?

Cosine of the angle between the voltage and current Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum gauge size of the earthing cable?

8 Signup and view all the answers

To get rid of DC offset, use?

High pass filter Signup and view all the answers

For forward biasing:

Anode 5V cathode 3V Signup and view all the answers

Transformer resistivity:

High voltage lower than low voltage Signup and view all the answers

Amplifier working with good gain in:

Active region Signup and view all the answers

What is MOSFET?

Transistor Signup and view all the answers

To minimize loading effect, use?

Resistance Signup and view all the answers

An alternator connected on no load condition affects the efficiency due to:

Armature losses Signup and view all the answers

Transformer saturation:

Low efficiency, high no-load losses Signup and view all the answers

What will be the output impedance of a cascade amplifier to minimize the loading effect?

Low Signup and view all the answers

An Uninterruptible Power System has to be connected to the network by:

Parallel to feed electrical power at normal time Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the neutral line in a 3-phase power system?

As a return path for the normal current Signup and view all the answers

An engineer received a new scope of work which is not included in the original scope. What action does he have to take?

He has to inform his boss first Signup and view all the answers

An active filter will:

Filter and Amplify Signup and view all the answers

Embedded systems should have the best:

Dynamic response Signup and view all the answers

If the gain of an amplifier is 10 and has negative feedback of 9%, what will be the gain if the feedback is removed?

100 Signup and view all the answers

Humming of a transformer is due to:

Vibration of laminated core Signup and view all the answers

I = 5 Cos wt + 2 Cos wt, R = 3 Ohms. Find the wattage:

78 Signup and view all the answers

A 1000m cable is terminated with a short circuit at the far end. The first reflected wave appears 9.43µs after the incident wave. The actual velocity in the cable divided by the speed of light is: Vp = 2L/To

0.71 Signup and view all the answers

High voltage winding of a transformer has ________ resistivity than the low voltage side.

Higher Signup and view all the answers

Three 30µF capacitors are connected in star (Y) form between the terminals A, B, C and a junction point N as shown in the figure. The capacitance (µF) between terminals A and B is most nearly:

15 Signup and view all the answers

The output D in the circuit is:

B(A+C) Signup and view all the answers

Power consumption in the advanced embedded system is:

80% Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the Vout:

4.3V Signup and view all the answers

Harmonics in a system is mainly due to:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Main objective of transmission system:

Efficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following parallel resistance will have the highest value of the equivalent resistance?

Two 500 kOhm resistors Signup and view all the answers

In the receiver of a wireless system, we must amplify the received signal using:

A low-noise amplifier Signup and view all the answers

An overcurrent relay is used to protect a circuit with a maximum 3-phase fault current of 8000A. Primary A 400:5 current transformer ratio and a 5A relay tap setting are selected. If the total secondary burden on the current transformer for the maximum fault condition is 1:10Ω, the excitation voltage (V) that must be developed by the current transformer is most nearly:

100 Signup and view all the answers

In the 3-phase system, the neutral is:

Normal return path for the current Signup and view all the answers

Which circuit breaker is used at the distribution level?

Air circuit breaker Signup and view all the answers

Open circuit test on a transformer is conducted to obtain:

Core loss only Signup and view all the answers

The electric flux passing out through a closed surface is equal to:

The total charge enclosed by the surface Signup and view all the answers

The output is to be maintained at 24V, while the input varies from 120V to 126V with a load current ranging from 0A to 5A. What is the minimum power of the supply resistor?

500 Signup and view all the answers

On the question above, what is the minimum diode power rating that can be used?

150 Signup and view all the answers

On the question above, what is the required supply resistance to ensure proper operation of the Zener regulator circuit?

22 Ω Signup and view all the answers

On the question above, what is the maximum Zener current?

5.1 Amps Signup and view all the answers

Find the total float of activity D for the project:

9 Signup and view all the answers

The self-discharge rate of a lead-acid battery is least dependent on which of the following factors?

Nominal voltage of battery Signup and view all the answers

The minimum standard wire gauge of earth wire is:

8 SWG Signup and view all the answers

The unit of current is:

Ampere Signup and view all the answers

The most economical method of starting a single-phase motor is:

Split-phase method Signup and view all the answers

In the circuit shown, which resistor(s) is (are) redundant?

R1 only Signup and view all the answers

A copper cable used in a plain old telephone service line has a loss of 1.5 dB/km. What is the approximate loss experienced if the user is located 1.5km from a central office?

15 dB Signup and view all the answers

A lossy transmission line is used to connect a transmitter to an antenna. If the VSWR measured at the antenna end of the transmission line is 1.5, which of the following statements is correct?

The VSWR measured at the transmitter's end is greater than 1.5 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is not typical of a project manager?

Possesses in-depth technical knowledge Signup and view all the answers

The voltage gain of an amplifier with 9% negative feedback is 10. The voltage gain without feedback will be:

100 Signup and view all the answers

A de current of 50A is flowing in an isolated wire. The magnitude of the magnetic field intensity, H (A/m) 10cm from the center of the wire is: H= I/2πr

80 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of braking is used in an induction motor?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the common or usual method to ensure that the final set of construction documents satisfies the client's program and design goals?

Have the client review a final check set for compliance with the program requirements and request that any corrections be noted. Signup and view all the answers

In a cascade amplifier, to reduce the loading effect at the output, the output impedance of the last stage should be:

Very small Signup and view all the answers

In a cascade amplifier, to reduce the loading effect at the input, the input impedance of the first stage should be:

Very high Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following circuits will the voltage source produce the most current:

10 Volt across two 10 Ohm resistances in parallel Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following theorem is used for frequency?

Shannon Theorem Signup and view all the answers

The main cause of transformer humming is:

Vibrations in the core lamination Signup and view all the answers

If the induction motor speed at no-load is 745 RPM, what is the speed of the motor?

750 RPM Signup and view all the answers

Synchronous speed for a motor of 1600 RPM at 60Hz. Calculate the number of poles.

P = 4 Signup and view all the answers

At what region of operation is the base emitter junction forward biased and the base collector junction reverse biased for BJT?

Linear or active Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Electrical and Electronic Engineering Key Concepts

An alternator is considered over-excited when operating at leading power factor.
A synchronous motor is over-excited at leading power factor as well.
Micro antennas are characterized as short antennas, typically used in compact designs.
Fast track scheduling aims to prevent future cost increases during construction projects.
Harvard Architecture maintains separated code and data memory spaces, enhancing efficiency.
Force on a moving charge in a magnetic field acts perpendicular to both the charge's motion and the magnetic field.
Conductance is measured in mho, which is the inverse of resistance.
ABET signifies the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, which is true.
Phase shift in transfer function at high frequencies can be around -90°.
Harmonics in a waveform are related to frequency, with the third harmonic often not existing in certain scenarios.

Transformers and Electrical Components

High-voltage windings in transformers generally have higher resistivity than low-voltage windings.
Leakage flux in transformers refers to flux that is unlinked with either the primary or secondary circuitry.
For transformers to operate in parallel effectively, conditions include correct polarity and equal per unit impedance.
Voltage regulation in electrical systems is minimized at unity power factor.
Induction motors exhibit a very low slip at no load, typically less than 1%.
Efficient operation of a parallel transformer connection requires identical voltage ratings and frequency.

Circuitry and Signals

The output of a NOR gate results in HIGH only when all inputs are LOW.
Digital telecommunication equipment uses ATM for connection-oriented services.
AM modulation techniques used commercially are often DSB-LC, which stands for Double Sideband Amplitude Modulation.
In cascading amplifiers, to reduce loading effects, the output impedance should be low, while input impedance should be high.

General Engineering Concepts

Engineers adjusting to new scopes of work must inform supervisors before proceeding.
Uninterruptible Power Systems connect parallel to feed power during critical times.
Ground wires serve as a return path for fault currents, ensuring safety.
The minimum size for earthing cables typically aligns with a wire gauge of 10 SWG or larger.
Self-discharge rates of lead-acid batteries are least influenced by nominal voltage.

Current and Voltage in Circuits

The unit of current is the Ampere, a fundamental measure in electrical systems.
Power factor correction devices are implemented primarily to improve power factor metrics.
For calculating wattage: use the formula P = I²R, adjusting for the specific configuration of the circuit.
Effective resistance in parallel combinations favors the lowest resistance path, affecting overall circuit performance.

Miscellaneous Technical Insights

The 'Zener diode' mainly serves for voltage regulation within circuits.
Heat loss in conductors is closely related to current and resistance, expressed as P = I²R.
Induction motors can employ different braking methods, including dynamic and regenerative braking.
In project management, client reviews are essential to ensure compliance with design goals.
The speed of signals in cables can be calculated using the relationship between time and length, often using fractional representations of the speed of light.

This summary captures fundamental concepts and questions relevant to electrical and electronic engineering, suitable for quick revision and understanding.### Tuning and Frequency

For the super heterodyne AM receiver listening to a station at 540 kHz with an intermediate frequency (IF) of 455 kHz, the local oscillator tuning frequency is 995 kHz.

Network Topologies

10BaseT cannot be used without additional hardware conversion in the Bus topology, unlike Star, Tree, or Point to Point.

Transformer Properties

The high voltage winding of a transformer has higher resistivity compared to the low voltage side.
ACR (Aluminum Conductor with Steel Reinforcement) can be specified as 7/25 for 7 steel wires and 25 aluminum wires.
The equivalent circuit of an induction machine at no load resembles that of a transformer with an open-circuited secondary.

Project Management

Dummy activities are required to avoid precedence problems, particularly in parallel, burst, or merged activities.
The average value of the signal described by v(t) = 5 sin(377t) is approximately 3.2V.

Electrical and Electronic Concepts

The power gain of 30 dB corresponds to an amplification factor of 1000.
The power factor of an alternator is influenced by the connected load, rotor speed, and core losses.
Fluorescent lights flicker primarily due to low frequency.

Software Engineering and Testing

Adaptive, corrective, and perfective maintenance are common software maintenance types; customer-initiated maintenance is not included.
Integration testing combines separately tested modules to ensure they function correctly together, using either top-down or bottom-up approaches.

Electrical Measurements and Circuit Analysis

Measurement of cable signal return time gives a wave speed in the cable close to 0.75, calculated from a 1000m length and 9.43µsec time return.
The output D in a circuit could be expressed as A·(B + C), (A + B)·(B + C), AB + BC, or (A + B)·CB based on logic gate configurations.

Power and Efficiency

The capacity of a communication channel with a 7 signal-to-noise ratio and 10 kHz bandwidth is about 30000 bps.
Power output from a turbine-driven synchronous generator rated 150 MVA and 0.85 power factor is approximately 128 MW.

Operational Parameters

The slip of a synchronous machine when operational is zero.
The luminous flux needed for adequate lighting in a specific room is calculated to approximately 96000 lumens using a utilization factor of 0.78.

Diode Characteristics

The current through a silicon diode biased at 0.75V is approximated to be around 3.0 mA.

General Engineering Principles

A 3-phase transformer with a delta-wye connection provides a turns ratio near 4.8.
An over-excited alternator operates at a leading power factor.

Energy and Electromagnetic Theory

The relative permeability of a permanent magnet is higher than that of non-magnetic materials.
The dynamic resistance of a Zener diode affects output characteristics in regulation applications.

Practical Applications

Electric motors used in cranes typically include DC compound motors or AC induction motors.
The minimum standard wire gauge for earth wire is 8 SWG to ensure safety and efficacy in grounding systems.

These notes offer concise yet comprehensive highlights of the studied concepts, suitable for revision and deeper understanding within electrical and electronic engineering fields.### Harmonics and Loads

Harmonic sources include variable impedance loads, saturable magnetic loads, and power electronic based loads; all contribute harmonics to power systems.
Harmonic currents can lead to excessive heating, malfunctioning of control circuits, and resonance effects.

Filters

A low-pass filter is designed to stop high frequencies while passing low frequencies.
High pass filters stop low frequencies, band pass filters allow a specific range of frequencies, and band stop filters target specific frequency ranges.

Induction Motors

A 3-phase, 60-Hz induction motor running at 1600 rpm has 4 poles, determined by synchronous speed calculations.

Projects and Management

Upon project initiation, crucial steps include establishing a reporting process, defining project scope, and developing a project charter.

Electrical Engineering Concepts

Spinning reserve refers to generating capacity connected to the grid, ready to take on load as needed.
The voltage gain without feedback in an amplifier with 9% negative feedback and a gain of 10 is approximately 11.1.
The minimum standard wire gauge for earth wire is 16 SWG.

Circuit Elements and Components

Resistors in series and parallel yield different total resistances; example calculation shows the combination of resistances to achieve specific total resistance values.
Ground fault protection schemes utilize resistors to limit ground current and maintain potential differences.

Data Structures and Analysis

An array is a set of indices and values, while stacks and queues are different ways to manage data.
Kirchhoff's law is commonly used for analyzing circuits with multiple sources.

Amplifiers

Inverting amplifiers have high input impedance while non-inverting amplifiers have similarly designed input impedances.
Output impedance for both types of amplifiers varies according to their configuration.

Power Systems and Performance

The performance of a power system can be affected by external and internal circuit conditions; studies such as power-flow analysis involve defining slack and control buses.
Harmonic effects are crucial, requiring careful management to prevent equipment failure.

Communication Systems

Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) in optical communication is termed Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM).
Transmitters operating at specific frequencies require calculations to convert power output into decibel measurements.

Engineering Ethics and Practices

Ethics encompass codes of behavior derived from various societal constructs and impact personal and professional decision-making.

Project Scheduling and Reliability

Project scheduling involves breaking down tasks and estimating the resources required for each.
Reliability calculations involve considering various factors and their interaction within the system; reliability within circuits can be expressed in probability terms.

Advanced Technologies

Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) design specifically for high-speed operations are essential in applications such as FFT for oscilloscopes.
CMOS technology offers advantages over traditional inverters, particularly in minimizing power consumption and maximizing efficiency.

Conclusion

Understanding these engineering concepts, their applications, and implications is crucial for successful project management, effective circuit design, and efficient power system operations.

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Test your knowledge on electrical and electronic engineering concepts with this reviewer material. Questions include topics such as alternators, synchronous motors, and antennas. Ideal for students preparing for exams in electrical and electronic engineering.