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Questions and Answers

In simple random sampling, how is the required sample selected?

By dividing the population into strata

Using computer software or random number generator (correct)

By choosing clusters of the population

By selecting every nth individual

What is the main advantage of stratified random sampling?

It provides more accurate data when the distribution of the disease is not uniform (correct)

It is used in studies involving cluster sampling

It is used in national or widespread studies

It is easier to implement than simple random sampling

In systematic random sampling, how are individuals selected?

By selecting every nth individual (correct)

Randomly from the entire population

By choosing clusters of the population

By dividing the population into strata

What is the main purpose of a research methodology?

To describe the research design, methods, and procedures used to collect and analyze data Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using a sample in clinical research?

It saves time, effort, and money, while providing the required data Signup and view all the answers

What is cluster sampling used for?

Sampling clusters of individuals, such as schoolchildren or industrial workers Signup and view all the answers

What determines the size of a sample?

The available resources and facilities, variability of the characteristics, and prevalence of the disease or problem Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between simple and stratified random sampling?

The division of the population into strata Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a random sample?

Every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected Signup and view all the answers

In what type of studies is multi-stage random sampling used?

Studies involving widespread populations Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of stratification in stratified random sampling?

To ensure accurate data when the distribution of the disease is not uniform Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when selecting a sample?

That the sample is representative of the population from which it is taken Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of systematic random sampling?

Selection of every nth individual Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of random sample?

Simple random sample Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of using a sample in research?

It may not be representative of the target population Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of replication and validation in research?

To provide sufficient details for replication and validation of the study Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of sampling units in a multi-stage sampling design?

Governorates, cities and towns, districts and villages, families and individuals Signup and view all the answers

What is a major limitation of non-random sampling methods?

They are not representative of the population Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of snowball sampling?

It allows researchers to access hard-to-reach populations Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of judgmental sampling?

To select experts or individuals with specific knowledge or experience Signup and view all the answers

What is primary data collection?

Collecting data directly by the researcher or colleagues Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of convenience sampling?

It is based on the ease of access to respondents Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of snowball sampling?

It is prone to biases and lacks representativeness Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between primary and secondary data collection?

Primary data collection involves collecting original data, while secondary data collection involves using existing data Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Research Methodology

Involves describing research design, methods, and procedures used to collect and analyze data
Includes information on sample size, data sources, data collection tools, and data analysis techniques
Provides sufficient details for replication and validation of the study

Sampling

Involves studying a sample of individuals representative of a wider group (target population)
Advantages of sampling:
- Saves time, effort, and money while giving required data
- Allows fulfillment of work with limited resources
- Decreases possible errors

Sample Size

No fixed size, varies according to:
- Available resources and facilities
- Expected variability in characteristics under study
- Prevalence of disease or problem
- Variability of the group

Types of Samples

Random Samples

Each individual in the population has an equal chance of appearing in the sample
Types of random samples:
- Simple random sample: selects required sample by simple randomization technique
- Stratified random sample: divides target population into strata, then draws a random sample from each
- Systematic random sample: selects every nth individual from a list
- Cluster sample: selects certain clusters, then surveys individuals within selected clusters
- Multi-stage random sample: applies to national or widespread studies, with successive random sampling at each stage

Non-Random Sampling

Chosen according to investigator's own judgment and experience
Results cannot be generalized to the whole population
Types of non-random sampling:
- Convenience sampling: selects individuals based on ease of access
- Snowball sampling: uses referrals from initial respondents to reach inaccessible populations
- Judgmental sampling: chooses sample based on researcher's expertise and judgment

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