Pharmacology Quiz: Receptors and Ligands
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary requirement to maintain a target concentration of a drug in the body?

  • The drug must be delivered at the same rate it is exiting the body (correct)
  • The drug must be administered at a rate proportional to the patient's weight
  • The drug must be administered at a constant rate
  • The drug must be administered at a rate inversely proportional to the patient's age
  • What is the condition required for the maintenance infusion rate equation to be applicable?

  • The drug has been administered for several hours
  • The peripheral tissues have fully equilibrated with the plasma (correct)
  • The patient must be anesthetized
  • The drug has reached its peak effect
  • What happens to the maintenance infusion rate if the peripheral tissues have not fully equilibrated with the plasma?

  • It is not affected
  • It underestimates the infusion rate (correct)
  • It remains the same
  • It overestimates the infusion rate
  • What is the time required for the peripheral tissues to fully equilibrate with the plasma?

    <p>Several hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the maintenance infusion rate and the rate at which the drug is exiting the body?

    <p>They are equal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the maintenance infusion rate?

    <p>To maintain a target concentration of the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limitation of using Vdpe to calculate the maintenance infusion rate?

    <p>It is not suitable for drugs with rapid plasma-effect site equilibration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the infusion rate higher initially after a bolus injection?

    <p>To replace the drug taken up by peripheral tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the net flow of drug into peripheral tissues over time?

    <p>It decreases over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation to maintain the desired concentration after a bolus injection?

    <p>EQUATION 2.31</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the infusion rate required to maintain the desired concentration over time?

    <p>It decreases over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the infusion rate at equilibrium (t = ∞)?

    <p>CT · Cl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the plasma concentration after the bolus up to the time of peak effect?

    <p>It decreases as a result of dilution into a larger volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the equilibration between the plasma and the effect site at the time of peak effect?

    <p>The plasma and effect site concentrations are the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol for the apparent volume of distribution at the time of peak effect?

    <p>Vdpe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation that can be used to calculate the dose that provides the desired peak effect site concentration?

    <p>Dose = Cpe / Vdpe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Vdpe for fentanyl?

    <p>75 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much fentanyl is required to produce a peak effect site concentration of 2 ng/mL for a typical patient?

    <p>150 μg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of prolonged treatment of asthma with a β-agonist?

    <p>Decrease in the number of β-adrenergic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptors do opioids interact with?

    <p>Membrane-bound receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the response to succinylcholine in lower motor neuron injury?

    <p>Exaggerated response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of receptor upregulation or downregulation in response to specific stimuli?

    <p>Maintenance of homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of receptors based on?

    <p>Location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism that contributes to variability in response to drugs?

    <p>Changing receptor numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary measure represented on the x-axis in a concentration versus response curve?

    <p>Drug exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that describes the position of the curve along the x-axis in a concentration versus response curve?

    <p>Potency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of response can be measured on the y-axis in a concentration versus response curve?

    <p>Absolute, normalized, population, or physiologic responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the equation that describes the relationship between drug exposure and response?

    <p>Hill equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that describes the dose that produces a 50% response?

    <p>Median effective dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that describes the ratio of the median lethal dose to the median effective dose?

    <p>Therapeutic index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of propofol on the GABAA receptor?

    <p>Increases the sensitivity to GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pharmacokinetics in drug action?

    <p>Describes what the body does to the drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ketamine on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor?

    <p>Decreases the activity of the NMDA receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics?

    <p>Pharmacokinetics studies the drug's action, while pharmacodynamics studies the body's response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of opioid binding to the μ-opioid receptor?

    <p>Triggers a chain reaction, activating an inhibitory G protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the concentration of a drug in the plasma or at the site of drug effect?

    <p>Pharmacokinetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

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