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Questions and Answers
What does parental administration of a drug refer to?
What does parental administration of a drug refer to?
Administering with a needle
What is the operative stage of anesthesia?
What is the operative stage of anesthesia?
Third
What is a major side effect of thrombolytics?
What is a major side effect of thrombolytics?
Hemorrhage
What is an emergency drug useful in stabilizing ventricular fibrillation?
What is an emergency drug useful in stabilizing ventricular fibrillation?
Dark blood in the operative field is a sign of possible?
Dark blood in the operative field is a sign of possible?
What amount is approximately equal to 500ml?
What amount is approximately equal to 500ml?
Naloxone (Narcan) is a/an?
Naloxone (Narcan) is a/an?
Drugs that draw fluid from the tissues are classified as?
Drugs that draw fluid from the tissues are classified as?
What does oxytocin (Pitocin) cause?
What does oxytocin (Pitocin) cause?
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) is used intravenously for?
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) is used intravenously for?
Which of the following anesthetics must be augmented with a more potent agent for general abdominal surgery?
Which of the following anesthetics must be augmented with a more potent agent for general abdominal surgery?
What is the heparin reversal agent?
What is the heparin reversal agent?
What is commonly given preoperatively to inhibit the production of gastric acid?
What is commonly given preoperatively to inhibit the production of gastric acid?
What type of narcotic opioid is given intramuscularly for premedication?
What type of narcotic opioid is given intramuscularly for premedication?
The purpose of administering atropine preoperatively is to?
The purpose of administering atropine preoperatively is to?
A benzodiazepine sedative given intramuscularly for premedication is?
A benzodiazepine sedative given intramuscularly for premedication is?
Under normal circumstances, 0.9% normal saline is an isotonic solution.
Under normal circumstances, 0.9% normal saline is an isotonic solution.
Mannitol is used in neurosurgery to?
Mannitol is used in neurosurgery to?
In cardiac arrest, atropine might be administered to?
In cardiac arrest, atropine might be administered to?
Lidocaine 1% is used to treat?
Lidocaine 1% is used to treat?
The test that determines the ratio of red blood cells to whole blood cells is the?
The test that determines the ratio of red blood cells to whole blood cells is the?
The universal recipient has blood type:
The universal recipient has blood type:
What vitamin is essential to the synthesis of prothrombin by the liver and is a valuable hemostatic agent?
What vitamin is essential to the synthesis of prothrombin by the liver and is a valuable hemostatic agent?
An anticholinergic drug given preoperatively to inhibit mucous secretion is?
An anticholinergic drug given preoperatively to inhibit mucous secretion is?
A vasoconstrictor added to a local anesthetic agent to extend the life of the local agent is?
A vasoconstrictor added to a local anesthetic agent to extend the life of the local agent is?
Common blood product given for blood loss replacement is?
Common blood product given for blood loss replacement is?
NIOSH recommends that trace gas analysis be performed how often?
NIOSH recommends that trace gas analysis be performed how often?
Atrial fibrillation is caused by which of the following?
Atrial fibrillation is caused by which of the following?
What should be the correct action when the recommended time limit for the inflation of a double tourniquet has been reached?
What should be the correct action when the recommended time limit for the inflation of a double tourniquet has been reached?
This portable device allows blood to be oxygenated outside of the body when long-term cardiac and respiratory support is required:
This portable device allows blood to be oxygenated outside of the body when long-term cardiac and respiratory support is required:
Joint commission requires that crash carts or emergency carts are secured by?
Joint commission requires that crash carts or emergency carts are secured by?
This non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker (NBA) is long acting:
This non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker (NBA) is long acting:
The minimum concentration of oxygen that can safely be given to a patient is?
The minimum concentration of oxygen that can safely be given to a patient is?
What does the average adult electrolyte panel consist of?
What does the average adult electrolyte panel consist of?
The central venous pressure catheter tip should be placed into the chambers of the heart.
The central venous pressure catheter tip should be placed into the chambers of the heart.
All types of LMA's are safe for use in an MRI machine.
All types of LMA's are safe for use in an MRI machine.
The severity of electrical shock is determined by?
The severity of electrical shock is determined by?
When transducing an arterial line, the ideal placement of the transducer should be?
When transducing an arterial line, the ideal placement of the transducer should be?
Dantrolene sodium is the drug of choice to treat patients with malignant hyperthermia (MH). It counteracts which of the following?
Dantrolene sodium is the drug of choice to treat patients with malignant hyperthermia (MH). It counteracts which of the following?
An antagonist inhibits the function of agonist receptors.
An antagonist inhibits the function of agonist receptors.
The hemoglobin dissociation curve represents the relationship between the?
The hemoglobin dissociation curve represents the relationship between the?
Asepsis is described as?
Asepsis is described as?
What is the amount of blood required to perform a blood patch?
What is the amount of blood required to perform a blood patch?
What is a possible cause of the capnography waveform failing to return to baseline?
What is a possible cause of the capnography waveform failing to return to baseline?
What is the most common size spinal needle used?
What is the most common size spinal needle used?
What are the possible causes of the anesthesia machine alarming 'high pressure'?
What are the possible causes of the anesthesia machine alarming 'high pressure'?
What is the method for converting lbs to kilos?
What is the method for converting lbs to kilos?
What safety system on the anesthesia machine prevents gas from exiting when there is no cylinder in the yoke?
What safety system on the anesthesia machine prevents gas from exiting when there is no cylinder in the yoke?
Which muscle relaxant should not be administered to patients diagnosed with atypical plasma cholinesterase?
Which muscle relaxant should not be administered to patients diagnosed with atypical plasma cholinesterase?
An agonist diminishes the effect of a drug.
An agonist diminishes the effect of a drug.
The ability of the balloon to be fully expanded and contain the full amount of helium for the catheter is the definition of?
The ability of the balloon to be fully expanded and contain the full amount of helium for the catheter is the definition of?
Asystole occurs when the ventricles are at a standstill.
Asystole occurs when the ventricles are at a standstill.
What device allows the interruption of blood flow so the surgeon may operate on vessels supplying the heart and/or lungs?
What device allows the interruption of blood flow so the surgeon may operate on vessels supplying the heart and/or lungs?
Which two EKG leads are most often used during anesthesia cases?
Which two EKG leads are most often used during anesthesia cases?
What is the minimum percentage of oxygen flow when nitrous oxide is infusing?
What is the minimum percentage of oxygen flow when nitrous oxide is infusing?
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) works on what specific tissues of the heart?
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) works on what specific tissues of the heart?
Succinylcholine (Anectine) mimics which neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft?
Succinylcholine (Anectine) mimics which neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft?
The determination of tissue damage on an individual that has sustained an electrical accident depends on?
The determination of tissue damage on an individual that has sustained an electrical accident depends on?
What happens if an air bubble of significant size is left in a venous blood sample?
What happens if an air bubble of significant size is left in a venous blood sample?
The measure of the volatility of the liquid anesthetic in carrier gas is called?
The measure of the volatility of the liquid anesthetic in carrier gas is called?
The associate responsible for publishing guidelines for the use of an auto transfusion is?
The associate responsible for publishing guidelines for the use of an auto transfusion is?
What effect does an air bubble of significant size have in an arterial blood gas syringe?
What effect does an air bubble of significant size have in an arterial blood gas syringe?
This law states that within gases, pressure and volume are related:
This law states that within gases, pressure and volume are related:
ASTM mandates that the vapor output cannot increase by more than what percentage with flush?
ASTM mandates that the vapor output cannot increase by more than what percentage with flush?
What can decrease breathing system resistance?
What can decrease breathing system resistance?
Which of the following agents may use a variable bypass vaporizer for delivery?
Which of the following agents may use a variable bypass vaporizer for delivery?
The line isolation monitor is a device that?
The line isolation monitor is a device that?
When using an electrosurgical unit, it cannot be safely used unless?
When using an electrosurgical unit, it cannot be safely used unless?
Desiccated carbon dioxide absorbent in the presence of which agent may result in a fire?
Desiccated carbon dioxide absorbent in the presence of which agent may result in a fire?
What is allogenic blood?
What is allogenic blood?
What is autologous blood?
What is autologous blood?
What are the three different types of auto transfusion?
What are the three different types of auto transfusion?
There are two types of anticoagulants that may be used with auto transfusion: Citrate and Heparin solution containing 10,000 units of heparin to a liter bag of normal saline.
There are two types of anticoagulants that may be used with auto transfusion: Citrate and Heparin solution containing 10,000 units of heparin to a liter bag of normal saline.
The harness tubing employed by an auto transfusion device connects the?
The harness tubing employed by an auto transfusion device connects the?
During the full mode of an auto transfusion device, what is the normal trip point to generate the wash cycle?
During the full mode of an auto transfusion device, what is the normal trip point to generate the wash cycle?
Why should the transfer bag of an auto transfusion system be purged of air?
Why should the transfer bag of an auto transfusion system be purged of air?
One of the benefits of collecting salvaged blood from the surgical site is to improve?
One of the benefits of collecting salvaged blood from the surgical site is to improve?
To determine the proficiency of the auto transfusion device, where must blood samples be drawn from?
To determine the proficiency of the auto transfusion device, where must blood samples be drawn from?
Hemolysis can be caused by small bore suction tips and co-aspiration of air with blood increasing turbulence during aspiration.
Hemolysis can be caused by small bore suction tips and co-aspiration of air with blood increasing turbulence during aspiration.
The AABB recommends that a 40-micron filter be used when transfusing blood collected and processed from an auto transfusion device.
The AABB recommends that a 40-micron filter be used when transfusing blood collected and processed from an auto transfusion device.
If the roller pump speed of an auto transfusion device is lowered during the fill/prime cycle, what will occur?
If the roller pump speed of an auto transfusion device is lowered during the fill/prime cycle, what will occur?
Dantrolene sodium is the drug of choice to treat MH. This drug counteracts which of the following?
Dantrolene sodium is the drug of choice to treat MH. This drug counteracts which of the following?
A pop-off valve in the closed position during mechanical ventilation can result in?
A pop-off valve in the closed position during mechanical ventilation can result in?
Possible pharmacological treatment for a latex-sensitive patient would be?
Possible pharmacological treatment for a latex-sensitive patient would be?
What is the maximum amount of current leakage allowed in the OR?
What is the maximum amount of current leakage allowed in the OR?
When floating a PA catheter, where is the PA entered?
When floating a PA catheter, where is the PA entered?
Which of the flow meters is fluted?
Which of the flow meters is fluted?
What is a specific consideration related to ENT surgery?
What is a specific consideration related to ENT surgery?
Abnormal blood flow between the aorta and the pulmonary arteries is defined as?
Abnormal blood flow between the aorta and the pulmonary arteries is defined as?
In a 'flash' sterilizer, what is the typical sterilization time once the chamber reaches the appropriate temperature?
In a 'flash' sterilizer, what is the typical sterilization time once the chamber reaches the appropriate temperature?
Which supply item may the anesthetist ask for if a patient has a venous air embolism?
Which supply item may the anesthetist ask for if a patient has a venous air embolism?
What are the three elements needed to produce a fire in the OR?
What are the three elements needed to produce a fire in the OR?
An ultrasound machine probe contains a piezoelectric crystal that deflects a reflection by emitting and receiving sound back as an image.
An ultrasound machine probe contains a piezoelectric crystal that deflects a reflection by emitting and receiving sound back as an image.
NIOSH mandates that trace gas analysis be monitored with?
NIOSH mandates that trace gas analysis be monitored with?
CAP guidelines state that POC instrumentation needs to have quality controls performed every?
CAP guidelines state that POC instrumentation needs to have quality controls performed every?
What neurotransmitter causes contraction of skeletal muscle?
What neurotransmitter causes contraction of skeletal muscle?
The amount of pressure the left ventricle must work against to pump blood into circulation is called?
The amount of pressure the left ventricle must work against to pump blood into circulation is called?
When inserting a PAC percutaneously, the shortest and straightest path to the heart is via?
When inserting a PAC percutaneously, the shortest and straightest path to the heart is via?
Epidural catheters are inserted with a blunt needle.
Epidural catheters are inserted with a blunt needle.
What is the minimum concentration of oxygen with nitrous oxide use?
What is the minimum concentration of oxygen with nitrous oxide use?
Flashcards
Parental Administration
Parental Administration
The administration of a drug directly into the bloodstream using a needle.
Operative Stage of Anesthesia
Operative Stage of Anesthesia
The third stage of anesthesia, characterized by surgical anesthesia and a loss of consciousness.
Thrombolytics
Thrombolytics
Drugs that dissolve blood clots, but can also cause severe bleeding.
Propranolol Hydrochloride
Propranolol Hydrochloride
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Dark Blood in Operative Field
Dark Blood in Operative Field
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Naloxone (Narcan)
Naloxone (Narcan)
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Diuretics
Diuretics
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Oxytocin (Pitocin)
Oxytocin (Pitocin)
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Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
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Nitrous Oxide
Nitrous Oxide
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Protamine Sulfate
Protamine Sulfate
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Cimetidine
Cimetidine
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Meperidine Hydrochloride (Demerol )
Meperidine Hydrochloride (Demerol )
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Atropine
Atropine
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Versed (Midazolam)
Versed (Midazolam)
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0.9% Normal Saline
0.9% Normal Saline
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Mannitol
Mannitol
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Lidocaine 1%
Lidocaine 1%
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Hematocrit
Hematocrit
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Blood Type AB
Blood Type AB
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Vitamin K
Vitamin K
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Epinephrine
Epinephrine
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Packed Red Blood Cells
Packed Red Blood Cells
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Trace Gas Analysis
Trace Gas Analysis
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Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Fibrillation
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Double Tourniquet Technique
Double Tourniquet Technique
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ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation)
ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation)
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Crash Carts
Crash Carts
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Pancuronium
Pancuronium
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Minimum Safe Oxygen Concentration
Minimum Safe Oxygen Concentration
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Electrolyte Panel
Electrolyte Panel
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Correct Placement of Central Venous Pressure Catheter
Correct Placement of Central Venous Pressure Catheter
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Electrical Shock Severity
Electrical Shock Severity
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Arterial Line Transducer Placement
Arterial Line Transducer Placement
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Dantrolene Sodium
Dantrolene Sodium
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Antagonist
Antagonist
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Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve
Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve
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Asepsis
Asepsis
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Blood Patch
Blood Patch
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Incomplete Capnography Waveform
Incomplete Capnography Waveform
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25-Gauge Spinal Needle
25-Gauge Spinal Needle
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High-Pressure Alarms on Anesthesia Machines
High-Pressure Alarms on Anesthesia Machines
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Check Valves on Anesthesia Machines
Check Valves on Anesthesia Machines
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Succinylcholine and Atypical Plasma Cholinesterase
Succinylcholine and Atypical Plasma Cholinesterase
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Agonists
Agonists
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Helium Balloon Augmentation
Helium Balloon Augmentation
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Asystole
Asystole
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Heart/Lung Bypass Machines
Heart/Lung Bypass Machines
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Lead II and Lead V
Lead II and Lead V
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Minimum Oxygen Flow for Nitrous Oxide
Minimum Oxygen Flow for Nitrous Oxide
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His-Purkinje System
His-Purkinje System
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Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine
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Afterload
Afterload
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Right Internal Jugular Vein
Right Internal Jugular Vein
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Epidural Catheters
Epidural Catheters
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Allogenic Blood
Allogenic Blood
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Autologous Blood
Autologous Blood
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Autotransfusion Methods
Autotransfusion Methods
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Autotransfusion Device Quality Control
Autotransfusion Device Quality Control
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Maximum Allowable Current Leakage
Maximum Allowable Current Leakage
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Fire Safety in High-Risk Surgeries
Fire Safety in High-Risk Surgeries
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Flash Sterilizer
Flash Sterilizer
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Study Notes
Anesthesia and Pharmacology Study Notes
- Parental administration of drug involves using a needle for drug delivery.
- The operative stage of anesthesia is categorized as the third stage.
- Thrombolytics can lead to major side effects, notably hemorrhage.
- Propranolol hydrochloride stabilizes ventricular fibrillation in emergencies.
- Dark blood in the operative field indicates potential hypoxia.
- Approximately 500ml is equivalent to 1 pint.
- Naloxone (Narcan) serves as a narcotic antagonist.
- Diuretics draw fluids from body tissues.
- Oxytocin (Pitocin) is responsible for inducing uterine contractions.
- Lidocaine (Xylocaine) is utilized intravenously for cardiac arrhythmias.
Anesthesia Practice Insights
- Nitrous oxide requires augmentation with a more potent anesthetic for general abdominal procedures.
- Protamine sulfate is the reversal agent for heparin.
- Cimetidine is often administered preoperatively to reduce gastric acid production.
- Meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol) is a short-acting narcotic opioid used intramuscularly for premedication.
- Atropine is given preoperatively to inhibit secretions.
- Versed (Midazolam) is an intramuscular benzodiazepine sedative used for premedication.
- 0.9% normal saline is classified as an isotonic solution.
- Mannitol is used to reduce brain tissue swelling during neurosurgery.
- Atropine may be given in cardiac arrest to treat severe bradycardia.
Blood and Fluid Management
- Lidocaine 1% is effective for treating ventricular dysrhythmias.
- Hematocrit determines the ratio of red blood cells to whole blood.
- Blood type AB is known as the universal recipient.
- Vitamin K is essential for prothrombin synthesis, acting as a valuable hemostatic agent.
- Atropine, an anticholinergic drug, is used to reduce mucous secretion preoperatively.
Equipment and Safety Protocols
- A vasoconstrictor like epinephrine is added to local anesthetics to prolong their effects.
- Packed red blood cells are a common substitute for blood loss during surgeries.
- NIOSH recommends quarterly trace gas analysis for safety in medical environments.
- Atrial fibrillation can arise from conditions such as mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, or acute myocardial infarction.
- The application of a double tourniquet requires deflation over 15 minutes for safe reperfusion.
- ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation) provides long-term cardiac and respiratory support for ICU patients.
- Crash carts must be secured with breakaway locks and monitored according to Joint Commission standards.
Anesthesia Techniques and Medications
- Pancuronium is a long-acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker.
- 21% represents the minimum safe concentration of oxygen for administration.
- The average electrolyte panel for adults includes sodium (135-145 mEq/L), potassium (3.5-5.0 mEq/L), and ionized calcium (4.4-5.1 mg/dL).
- Misplacement of the central venous pressure catheter can lead to erroneous readings; the correct position is in the superior vena cava above its junction with the right atrium.
Special Considerations and Emergencies
- Electrical shock severity is influenced by the amount of current and its direction of flow.
- For arterial line transducing, the transducer should ideally be attached to the patient’s bed.
- Dantrolene sodium is critical in treating malignant hyperthermia by counteracting calcium ion release.
- An antagonist inhibits agonist receptor functions, impacting pharmacological responses.
- The hemoglobin dissociation curve shows the relationship between oxygen saturation and partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2).
Infection Control and Sterilization
- Asepsis is defined as the absence of pathogenic organisms in healthcare settings.
- A blood patch requires 20cc of blood for effective operation.
- An incomplete capnography waveform can indicate an exhausted CO2 absorber.
- The most frequently used spinal needle is 25 gauged.
- High-pressure alarms on anesthesia machines can arise from kinks in hoses or equipment malfunctions.
Anesthesia Safety and Regulations
- Check valves on anesthesia machines prevent gas from escaping when not in use.
- Succinylcholine should not be used in patients with atypical plasma cholinesterase.
- Agonists enhance drug effects, while antagonists restrict them.
- Helium balloon expansion is referred to as augmentation.
- Asystole indicates a total absence of ventricular contraction.
Emergency Procedures and Responses
- Heart/lung bypass machines allow the surgeon to operate on vessels supplying blood to the heart/lungs.
- Lead II and lead V are commonly utilized EKG leads in anesthesia.
- A minimum of 25% oxygen flow is required when nitrous oxide is in use.
- Specific tissues like His-Purkinje system are targeted by Lidocaine (Xylocaine).
Physiological and Technical Knowledge
- Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter responsible for skeletal muscle contraction.
- The afterload describes the pressure the left ventricle encounters during blood pumping.
- For pulmonary artery catheter insertion, the shortest route is via the right internal jugular vein.
- Epidural catheters are inserted using blunt needles.
Blood Transfusion Practices
- Allogenic blood is blood donated for use in another patient, while autologous blood is the patient's own blood.
- Auto transfusion methods include intraoperative salvage, predonation, and acute normovolemic hemodilution.
- Ongoing quality control for auto transfusion devices involves blood sample analysis from both the cardiotomy and reinfusion bags.
Regulatory Compliance and Fire Safety
- The maximum allowable current leakage in operating rooms is set at 10µA.
- High-risk surgeries, particularly ENT procedures, necessitate cautious fire safety measures.
- A "flash" sterilizer typically requires a sterilization time of 4 minutes after reaching the necessary temperature.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts in anesthesia and pharmacology, including drug administration methods, anesthetic stages, and specific medications used in surgical settings. It also addresses the side effects of certain drugs and their pharmacological actions. Test your knowledge on these critical medical topics!
