Dev Psy

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the field of human development?

Studying the systematic processes of change and stability in people (correct)

Investigating the effects of nutrition on physical growth

Understanding how language develops in children

Examining the role of family and schooling on child development

What is the goal of developmental scientists when they observe large groups of children?

To explain how children acquire language

To establish norms for language development (correct)

To predict future behavior in children

To provide speech therapy to children with language difficulties

What is the primary concern of psychosocial development?

Growth of the body and brain

Patterns of change in mental abilities

Development of motor skills and sensory capacity

Patterns of change in emotions and social relationships (correct)

What is the purpose of describing language development in children?

To establish norms for language development Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of understanding human development?

To predict future behavior and intervene in development Signup and view all the answers

What is cognitive development concerned with?

Pattern of change in mental abilities Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of developmental scientists in intervening in development?

To provide speech therapy to children with language difficulties Signup and view all the answers

What are the three major domains of development studied by developmental scientists?

Physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Concrete Operational Stage?

Learning to use logic to solve real, actual problems Signup and view all the answers

What is seriation, according to Piaget's theory?

The ability to sort objects into a hierarchical order based on their size or shape Signup and view all the answers

What is the ability to understand that numbers can be changed and then returned to their original state?

Reversibility Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the Formal Operations Stage?

The ability to think logically and use deductive reasoning Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary skill that emerges during the Formal Operations Stage, according to Piaget?

Logical Thought and Deductive Reasoning Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between problem-solving in the earlier stages and the Formal Operations Stage?

The use of trial-and-error versus systematic problem solving Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget's theory, what is the ability to mentally reverse actions or transformations?

Principle of Reversibility Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of B.F. Skinner's theory of language acquisition?

The idea that language learning is based on experience and associations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of language, according to the text?

A communication system based on words and grammar Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary achievement in the concrete operations stage?

Logical mathematical intelligence Signup and view all the answers

What is the ability to understand and communicate with others, according to Gardner's theory?

Interpersonal intelligence Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intelligence involves the ability to perceive and create patterns of pitch and rhythm?

Musical intelligence Signup and view all the answers

What is the ability to find one's way around in an environment and judge relationships between objects in space?

Spatial intelligence Signup and view all the answers

According to Gardner's theory, what is the ability to understand the self?

Intrapersonal intelligence Signup and view all the answers

What is the ability to distinguish species and their characteristics, according to Gardner's theory?

Naturalist intelligence Signup and view all the answers

What is the ability to use and understand words and logical mathematical nuances of meaning, according to Gardner's theory?

Linguistics intelligence Signup and view all the answers

At what gestational age do mature taste cells appear?

14 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the olfactory system in fetuses?

Control of sense of smell Signup and view all the answers

At what gestational age do fetuses respond to sound and vibration?

26 weeks Signup and view all the answers

How long can fetuses remember information at 30 weeks of gestation?

10 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is a teratogen?

Environmental agent that interferes with normal prenatal development Signup and view all the answers

How many additional calories do pregnant women need per day?

300 to 500 calories Signup and view all the answers

Why are women of childbearing age urged to take a folate supplement?

To prevent damage during early weeks of gestation Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended weight gain for obese women during pregnancy?

11 to 20 pounds Signup and view all the answers

Which type of love is characterized by the presence of intimacy and commitment, but lacks passion?

Companionate love Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of fatuous love?

A whirlwind courtship that often ends in disappointment Signup and view all the answers

When did the term 'midlife' first enter the dictionary?

1985 Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about middle adulthood in industrial societies?

It is a stage of life with its own societal norms, roles, and challenges Signup and view all the answers

What is consummate love characterized by?

The presence of intimacy, passion, and commitment Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of romantic love?

The presence of intimacy and passion, but not commitment Signup and view all the answers

What is fatuous love often marked by?

A whirlwind courtship Signup and view all the answers

What is companionate love often seen in?

Long-term marriages Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Developmental Psychology

A branch of psychology that studies human growth and development from birth to adulthood
Examines how behavior, thinking patterns, emotions, and personalities develop and change
Focuses on the scientific study of human development as a lifelong process

Domains of Development

Physical Development: growth of the body and brain, including patterns of change in sensory capacity, motor skills, and health
Cognitive Development: pattern of change in mental abilities, such as learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity
Psychosocial Development: patterns of change in emotions, personality, and social relationships

Fetal Development

Fetuses respond to the mother's voice and heartbeat, and vibrations of her body, suggesting they can hear and feel
Responses to sound and vibration begin at 26 weeks of gestation and reach a plateau at about 32 weeks
Fetuses learn and remember as they near the end of pregnancy, with fetal memory beginning to function at approximately 30 weeks of gestation

Environmental Influences

Maternal Factors: teratogens can interfere with normal prenatal development and cause developmental abnormalities
Nutrition and Maternal Weight: pregnant women require 300-500 additional calories per day, and weight gain during pregnancy can affect birth outcomes

Cognitive Developmental Stages

Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years): learning to use logic to solve real problems, with skills such as seriation, classification, and reversibility
Formal Operations Stage (11-adulthood): key skills emerging during this stage include logical thought, deductive reasoning, abstract thought, and systematic problem solving

Language Development

Language: a communication system based on words and grammar
Classic Theories of Language Acquisition: B.F. Skinner's theory that language learning is based on experience and associations

Multiple Intelligences

Linguistic Intelligence: ability to use and understand words and logical mathematical nuances of meaning
Logical-Mathematical Intelligence: ability to manipulate numbers and solve logical problems
Spatial Intelligence: ability to find one's way around in an environment and judge relationships between objects in space
Musical Intelligence: ability to perceive and create patterns of pitch and rhythm
Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence: ability to move with precision
Interpersonal Intelligence: ability to understand and communicate with others
Intrapersonal Intelligence: ability to understand the self
Naturalist Intelligence: ability to distinguish species and their characteristics

Types of Love

Romantic Love: intimacy and passion are both present
Companionate Love: intimacy and commitment are both present
Fatuous Love: passion and commitment are present, but without intimacy
Consummate Love: all three components are present in this “complete” love

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