Appetite Chapter 2

Which factor is the most important influence in determining the organization of the brain and the behavior it dictates?

What is the main focus of this chapter?

What will not affect the amount that someone eats?

Which system primarily relies on blood sugar as its energy source?

According to Mayer's model, what is important in the initiation and termination of feeding?

Why do animals evolve to use eating to maintain adequate levels of blood sugar?

Which theory of hunger is primarily of historical interest?

What happens to your body when you hear or see things associated with food?

What is one possible reason why women report higher levels of hunger than men during the initial days of Ramadan?

How does the surrounding air temperature affect hunger?

Which laboratory technique was used in the early 20th century to investigate the relationship between stomach contractions and hunger?

In the 1940s and 1950s, what types of substances in the stomach were investigated to understand their effects on hunger?

What is the term used to describe the physiological characteristic in our bodies that has an optimal level and is thought to be involved in hunger regulation?

What are investigations of how much is eaten traditionally classified into?

What is the stomach contraction theory of hunger based on?

What did Cannon and Washburn do in their experiment?

What did Washburn's reports of hunger correlate with?

What did subsequent studies show about the stomach contraction theory of hunger?

Which surgical technique was used to separate the influence of oral and gastric factors on hunger and satiety?

What happens when an animal is sham fed?

What effect does the presence of a sweet taste in food have on hunger?

What is one possible explanation for why we eat more of sweet foods compared to nonsweet foods?

Which of the following is a possible reason why intragastric feeding decreases sham feeding in dogs?

What is a possible explanation for why drinking lots of water or inserting an inflated balloon into the stomach is not effective in decreasing food consumption?

According to the glucostatic theory of hunger, hunger is related to which of the following?

What is a possible reason why foods that are high in fat or have a lot of fiber are more satiating?

Which of the following is more satiating than crackers with cheese or melon?

Which macronutrient is more satiating than carbohydrates?

Which form of food is less satiating compared to its solid form?

Which of the following is NOT a peripheral factor that affects satiety?

What did Mayer propose as a refinement to his model of hunger regulation?

What is the relationship between blood sugar levels in the arteries and veins and hunger?

What is the role of the lipostatic mechanism in hunger regulation?

Which hormone is related to the amount of stored fat in the body?

What does the glycemic index measure?

What is one factor that contributes to the glycemic index score of a food?

What was the effect of consuming guar gum in the experiment conducted by Lavin and Read?

Which area of the hypothalamus was found to be involved in the control of satiety?

What behavior did rats exhibit when the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) was lesioned?

Which area of the hypothalamus was found to be involved in hunger?

What effect did stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) have on rats?

What is one of the chemicals produced by the body that has been investigated in terms of its importance for hunger and satiety?

What did the experiment with rat pups administered a chemical that causes the release of CCK from the small intestine find?

What is one of the naturally occurring substances that may play an influential role in satiety?

What have experiments found about the effect of eating high-calorie foods on subsequent food intake?

Which type of research will require scientists who are skilled in more than one area?

What is exciting about the challenge of researching eating?

What is the main topic of the text?

According to Eliot Stellar, the VMH is the brain's satiety center and the LH is its hunger center. However, Stellar also stated that areas of the brain other than the hypothalamus are probably involved in the initiation and termination of feeding. What major problem has been found with Stellar's hunger and satiety centers hypothesis?

What did Eliot Stellar propose as major locations in the brain that integrate information about hunger and satiety?

What did Eliot Stellar's concept of brain centers do?

Which brain structure is believed to monitor and regulate what's going on in the body and pass information to the lateral hypothalamus?

What is one major difficulty with the hunger and satiety centers hypothesis?

What did experiments show about the effect of putting food in the small intestine?

What is the role of neurotransmitters in the initiation and termination of feeding?

What are two types of neurotransmitters that have been extensively investigated in relation to feeding inhibition?

Which chemical substance, naturally present in the fluid within the central nervous system, decreases eating when infused into the brain?

What is the role of insulin in the control of feeding and body weight?

Which factor is believed to inhibit the production of neuropeptide Y and is detected by special cells in the brain?

What is the role of leptin in hunger regulation?

What is the effect of CCK released in the periphery on feeding?

What is the influence of our surroundings on eating behavior?

How do memory and learning processes influence hunger and satiety?

What is the role of learning in controlling meal volume?

According to psychodynamic theorists, how does learning affect hunger?

What is the challenge for future research in the field of hunger and feeding?

What is the main focus of the chapter?