Appetite Chapter 2

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Which factor is the most important influence in determining the organization of the brain and the behavior it dictates?

Food intake (correct)

Social and cultural factors

Water intake

Weight control

What is the main focus of this chapter?

Weight control

Physiology (correct)

Psychophysiological framework

Social and cultural information

What will not affect the amount that someone eats?

Basic laboratory research on eating

Water intake (correct)

Food intake

Weight control

Which system primarily relies on blood sugar as its energy source?

Central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

According to Mayer's model, what is important in the initiation and termination of feeding?

The difference between blood sugar levels in the arteries and veins Signup and view all the answers

Why do animals evolve to use eating to maintain adequate levels of blood sugar?

To maintain a stable blood sugar level Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of hunger is primarily of historical interest?

The stomach contraction theory Signup and view all the answers

What happens to your body when you hear or see things associated with food?

Your body releases insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible reason why women report higher levels of hunger than men during the initial days of Ramadan?

Women are exposed to more food-related stimuli Signup and view all the answers

How does the surrounding air temperature affect hunger?

It decreases hunger Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory technique was used in the early 20th century to investigate the relationship between stomach contractions and hunger?

Measuring stomach contractions Signup and view all the answers

In the 1940s and 1950s, what types of substances in the stomach were investigated to understand their effects on hunger?

Substances that arrived via the mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the physiological characteristic in our bodies that has an optimal level and is thought to be involved in hunger regulation?

Set point Signup and view all the answers

What are investigations of how much is eaten traditionally classified into?

Short-term regulation and long-term regulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the stomach contraction theory of hunger based on?

The belief that stomach contractions cause feelings of hunger Signup and view all the answers

What did Cannon and Washburn do in their experiment?

Measured stomach contractions using a balloon attached to a tube Signup and view all the answers

What did Washburn's reports of hunger correlate with?

The height of stomach contractions Signup and view all the answers

What did subsequent studies show about the stomach contraction theory of hunger?

Stomach contractions are not necessary for reports of hunger Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical technique was used to separate the influence of oral and gastric factors on hunger and satiety?

Esophagostomy Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an animal is sham fed?

The animal consumes more food than usual Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the presence of a sweet taste in food have on hunger?

It causes more insulin to be released, making someone feel hungrier Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible explanation for why we eat more of sweet foods compared to nonsweet foods?

Sweet foods provide more immediate energy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible reason why intragastric feeding decreases sham feeding in dogs?

The presence of nutrients in the GI tract Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible explanation for why drinking lots of water or inserting an inflated balloon into the stomach is not effective in decreasing food consumption?

They do not contain nutrients Signup and view all the answers

According to the glucostatic theory of hunger, hunger is related to which of the following?

Blood sugar level Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible reason why foods that are high in fat or have a lot of fiber are more satiating?

The viscosity or amount of fiber affects absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is more satiating than crackers with cheese or melon?

Tomato soup Signup and view all the answers

Which macronutrient is more satiating than carbohydrates?

Protein Signup and view all the answers

Which form of food is less satiating compared to its solid form?

Liquid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a peripheral factor that affects satiety?

Central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What did Mayer propose as a refinement to his model of hunger regulation?

The difference between blood sugar levels in the arteries and veins is important in feeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between blood sugar levels in the arteries and veins and hunger?

If blood sugar is high in the arteries but low in the veins, hunger increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the lipostatic mechanism in hunger regulation?

It detects the extent of the body's energy stores Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is related to the amount of stored fat in the body?

Leptin Signup and view all the answers

What does the glycemic index measure?

The metabolic response to a food Signup and view all the answers

What is one factor that contributes to the glycemic index score of a food?

The amount of fiber in the food Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of consuming guar gum in the experiment conducted by Lavin and Read?

Decreased hunger ratings Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the hypothalamus was found to be involved in the control of satiety?

Ventromedial hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What behavior did rats exhibit when the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) was lesioned?

Excessive eating and obesity Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the hypothalamus was found to be involved in hunger?

Lateral hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What effect did stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) have on rats?

Induced eating Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the chemicals produced by the body that has been investigated in terms of its importance for hunger and satiety?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What did the experiment with rat pups administered a chemical that causes the release of CCK from the small intestine find?

The rats ate less than untreated rats Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the naturally occurring substances that may play an influential role in satiety?

Glucagon Signup and view all the answers

What have experiments found about the effect of eating high-calorie foods on subsequent food intake?

Eating high-calorie foods causes us to eat less soon afterward Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research will require scientists who are skilled in more than one area?

Interdisciplinary research Signup and view all the answers

What is exciting about the challenge of researching eating?

The potential for groundbreaking discoveries Signup and view all the answers

What is the main topic of the text?

The psychology of eating and drinking Signup and view all the answers

According to Eliot Stellar, the VMH is the brain's satiety center and the LH is its hunger center. However, Stellar also stated that areas of the brain other than the hypothalamus are probably involved in the initiation and termination of feeding. What major problem has been found with Stellar's hunger and satiety centers hypothesis?

The hypothesis is based on data collected using lesions or stimulation of particular parts of the brain, which can make it difficult to determine the specific effects on behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What did Eliot Stellar propose as major locations in the brain that integrate information about hunger and satiety?

Brain centers Signup and view all the answers

What did Eliot Stellar's concept of brain centers do?

Integrate peripheral theories with central theories of hunger Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure is believed to monitor and regulate what's going on in the body and pass information to the lateral hypothalamus?

Paraventricular nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is one major difficulty with the hunger and satiety centers hypothesis?

The limited effectiveness of lesions confined to the VMH Signup and view all the answers

What did experiments show about the effect of putting food in the small intestine?

Increased activity in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of neurotransmitters in the initiation and termination of feeding?

They play a significant role in brain chemistry Signup and view all the answers

What are two types of neurotransmitters that have been extensively investigated in relation to feeding inhibition?

Dopamine and serotonin Signup and view all the answers

Which chemical substance, naturally present in the fluid within the central nervous system, decreases eating when infused into the brain?

Apolipoprotein A-IV Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of insulin in the control of feeding and body weight?

Insulin decreases eating and body weight Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is believed to inhibit the production of neuropeptide Y and is detected by special cells in the brain?

Leptin Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of leptin in hunger regulation?

Leptin decreases eating Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of CCK released in the periphery on feeding?

It decreases feeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the influence of our surroundings on eating behavior?

Our surroundings ultimately cause all bodily reactions related to eating Signup and view all the answers

How do memory and learning processes influence hunger and satiety?

Memory and learning processes affect when we start and stop eating Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of learning in controlling meal volume?

Learning can help control meal volume by associating certain odors with high-calorie meals Signup and view all the answers

According to psychodynamic theorists, how does learning affect hunger?

Learning affects hunger by associating feeding with security and love Signup and view all the answers

What is the challenge for future research in the field of hunger and feeding?

To investigate the initiation and termination of feeding on different levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the chapter?

The initiation and termination of feeding Signup and view all the answers

Appetite Chapter 2

Choose a study mode

Podcast

Questions and Answers

Which factor is the most important influence in determining the organization of the brain and the behavior it dictates?

What is the main focus of this chapter?

What will not affect the amount that someone eats?

Which system primarily relies on blood sugar as its energy source?

According to Mayer's model, what is important in the initiation and termination of feeding?

Why do animals evolve to use eating to maintain adequate levels of blood sugar?

Which theory of hunger is primarily of historical interest?

What happens to your body when you hear or see things associated with food?

What is one possible reason why women report higher levels of hunger than men during the initial days of Ramadan?

How does the surrounding air temperature affect hunger?

Which laboratory technique was used in the early 20th century to investigate the relationship between stomach contractions and hunger?

In the 1940s and 1950s, what types of substances in the stomach were investigated to understand their effects on hunger?

What is the term used to describe the physiological characteristic in our bodies that has an optimal level and is thought to be involved in hunger regulation?

What are investigations of how much is eaten traditionally classified into?

What is the stomach contraction theory of hunger based on?

What did Cannon and Washburn do in their experiment?

What did Washburn's reports of hunger correlate with?

What did subsequent studies show about the stomach contraction theory of hunger?

Which surgical technique was used to separate the influence of oral and gastric factors on hunger and satiety?

What happens when an animal is sham fed?

What effect does the presence of a sweet taste in food have on hunger?

What is one possible explanation for why we eat more of sweet foods compared to nonsweet foods?

Which of the following is a possible reason why intragastric feeding decreases sham feeding in dogs?

What is a possible explanation for why drinking lots of water or inserting an inflated balloon into the stomach is not effective in decreasing food consumption?

According to the glucostatic theory of hunger, hunger is related to which of the following?

What is a possible reason why foods that are high in fat or have a lot of fiber are more satiating?

Which of the following is more satiating than crackers with cheese or melon?

Which macronutrient is more satiating than carbohydrates?

Which form of food is less satiating compared to its solid form?

Which of the following is NOT a peripheral factor that affects satiety?

What did Mayer propose as a refinement to his model of hunger regulation?

What is the relationship between blood sugar levels in the arteries and veins and hunger?

What is the role of the lipostatic mechanism in hunger regulation?

Which hormone is related to the amount of stored fat in the body?

What does the glycemic index measure?

What is one factor that contributes to the glycemic index score of a food?

What was the effect of consuming guar gum in the experiment conducted by Lavin and Read?

Which area of the hypothalamus was found to be involved in the control of satiety?

What behavior did rats exhibit when the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) was lesioned?

Which area of the hypothalamus was found to be involved in hunger?

What effect did stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) have on rats?

What is one of the chemicals produced by the body that has been investigated in terms of its importance for hunger and satiety?

What did the experiment with rat pups administered a chemical that causes the release of CCK from the small intestine find?

What is one of the naturally occurring substances that may play an influential role in satiety?

What have experiments found about the effect of eating high-calorie foods on subsequent food intake?

Which type of research will require scientists who are skilled in more than one area?

What is exciting about the challenge of researching eating?

What is the main topic of the text?

What did Eliot Stellar propose as major locations in the brain that integrate information about hunger and satiety?

What did Eliot Stellar's concept of brain centers do?

Which brain structure is believed to monitor and regulate what's going on in the body and pass information to the lateral hypothalamus?

What is one major difficulty with the hunger and satiety centers hypothesis?

What did experiments show about the effect of putting food in the small intestine?

What is the role of neurotransmitters in the initiation and termination of feeding?

What are two types of neurotransmitters that have been extensively investigated in relation to feeding inhibition?

Which chemical substance, naturally present in the fluid within the central nervous system, decreases eating when infused into the brain?

What is the role of insulin in the control of feeding and body weight?

Which factor is believed to inhibit the production of neuropeptide Y and is detected by special cells in the brain?

What is the role of leptin in hunger regulation?

What is the effect of CCK released in the periphery on feeding?

What is the influence of our surroundings on eating behavior?

How do memory and learning processes influence hunger and satiety?

What is the role of learning in controlling meal volume?

According to psychodynamic theorists, how does learning affect hunger?

What is the challenge for future research in the field of hunger and feeding?

What is the main focus of the chapter?

More Like This

Appetite chapter 10

Appetite Chapter 11

Appetite Chapter 13

Bienvenue en France 2 - Chapter 1 - Bon Appetit