Unobtrusive Observations to Prevent Reactivity Quiz

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What is the term for preventing observer reactivity by making the participants get used to the observer's presence?

Dull rats-observer expectations (correct)

Estimating population frequency

Unobtrusive observations

Self-selection sampling

In research, what does self-selection sampling involve?

Sampling only those who are easy to contact (correct)

Preventing observer reactivity

Generalizing from biased samples

Simple estimation of population frequency

What type of sampling involves only selecting individuals who are convenient or easy to reach?

Bias-free sampling

Probability sampling

Convenience sampling (correct)

Census sampling

Which method relies on selecting a sample that represents the characteristics of the entire population?

Representative sampling Signup and view all the answers

What technique aims to measure behaviors without influencing them by making the participants get used to observation?

Unobtrusive observations Signup and view all the answers

What type of sampling technique involves selecting participants based on specific characteristics or traits?

Purposive sampling Signup and view all the answers

In terms of validity, what does bivariate correlational research focus on?

Construct validity Signup and view all the answers

What does a scatterplot represent in correlational research?

Bivariate associations Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sampling technique involves participants referring other potential participants to be included in the study?

Snowball sampling Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of settling the external validity in research design?

Determining the generalizability of data Signup and view all the answers

How are multiple variables typically analyzed in bivariate correlations?

Through an analysis of associations and correlations Signup and view all the answers

What does the effect size describe?

The average effect size in a sample Signup and view all the answers

How can outliers affect the correlation coefficient?

By affecting the range of association Signup and view all the answers

What does a 'small' effect size indicate?

An effect size unlikely to be zero Signup and view all the answers

What is a consideration when evaluating effect sizes?

The replicability of the estimate Signup and view all the answers

How does a 'large' effect size compare to a 'small' effect size?

The large effect size has a stronger relationship Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can impact the association range?

Outliers influence Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a multiple-treatment design in research?

To study the effects of different treatments in separate phases. Signup and view all the answers

In a multiple-baseline design, what might be a consequence if the treatment effect does not return to baseline?

The effectiveness of the treatment may be in question. Signup and view all the answers

What could be a challenge with a reversal design in research?

Ensuring that the DV is not affected by the treatment. Signup and view all the answers

Why might it be unethical to remove the baseline in a research study?

To avoid potential harm to participants by removing a crucial phase. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of a multiple-baseline design compared to other designs?

Introducing treatments at different times for different participants. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key focus of Phenomenology?

Understanding the meaning of subjective experiences Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to gain a deeper understanding through qualitative report interviews?

Participant Observation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Grounded Theory approach?

Inductive methodology where theory emerges bottom-up Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Field Research in qualitative methodology?

To immerse in the field to gather grounded data Signup and view all the answers

In qualitative research, what is the purpose of Focus Groups?

To gather information about selected groups' attitudes and opinions Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Qualitative Data from Quantitative Data?

Qualitative data is coded based on research methods Signup and view all the answers