30 Questions
Which process did farmers historically use to select parent plants with desired traits?
Selective breeding
What is the main goal of genetic engineering in plants?
To increase crop yield
Which of the following is a more modern technique to alter an organism's genetics?
Genome editing
What is the term used to describe deliberately modifying the characteristics of an organism by altering its genetic material?
Genetic engineering
Which technology is NOT mentioned as a genetic engineering technique?
Mutation breeding
What is the purpose of selective breeding and genetic engineering in agriculture?
To solve agricultural challenges
Which scientist completed a landmark gene splicing experiment in 1971?
Paul Berg
What was the first transgenic animal created by Rudolf Jaenisch and Beatrice Mintz in 1974?
A mouse
Which company was started by Herbert Boyer in 1978?
Genentec
Which scientist inserted an antibiotic-resistant gene into a tobacco plant in 1983?
Mary-Dell Chilton
What was the first genetically modified animal approved for food use in the United States?
A salmon
What is the method used to change a cell's genetic makeup through the addition of new DNA?
Transformation
Which method is used to transfer DNA into a plant's genome in genetic engineering?
Bacterial transformation
What is the purpose of the selectable marker in genetic engineering?
To inhibit growth of non-transformed plant cells
Which was the first genetically engineered plant evaluated by the FDA for human consumption?
FlavrSavr tomato
What is the main reason for genetically engineering food crops?
To increase resistance to disease or pests
Which of the following is NOT a GE food crop available in the U.S.?
Oranges
What percentage of food-producing animals in the U.S. consume food containing ingredients from GE crops?
More than 95%
Which enzyme was used to join the cut DNA strand in Boyer and Cohen's experiment?
Ligase enzyme
What is the purpose of using antibiotics in Boyer and Cohen's experiment?
To kill bacteria that do not have resistance genes
What is the role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
To cut DNA at specific sequences
Which bacterium has a natural ability to enter a plant cell and insert its own DNA into a plant's genome?
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (A. tumefaciens)
What is a transgene in genetic engineering?
A gene that is transferred and added to the genome of a recipient plant
Why is genetic engineering advantageous over selective breeding when it comes to enhancing drought resistance in plants?
It requires less time and avoids linkage drag
Which method involves isolating DNA directly from the genome of the donor organism and inserting it into a plasmid for later use?
Traditional cloning
What is a DNA library?
A collection of cloned DNA fragments stored in plasmids
What is the purpose of a selectable marker gene in a bacterial plasmid?
To screen for bacterial or plant transformants
Which technique is currently the most frequently used for transferring genes to plant cells?
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
What is the purpose of DNA ligase in the genetic engineering process?
To seal the sticky ends of DNA molecules together
What is the role of a cloning vector in constructing a DNA library?
To store and propagate cloned DNA fragments in bacterial or yeast cells
Test your knowledge on genetic engineering techniques with this quiz! Learn about the process of creating recombinant DNA molecules by using restriction enzymes, ligase, and transforming bacteria. Explore the steps involved in gene insertion and the role of Escherichia coli in this fascinating field of biotechnology.
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