Questions and Answers
What is the definition of psychology?
The scientific study of the human mind and its functions.
What is a longitudinal study?
A study of a specific thing/person over a long period of time.
What is a cross-sectional study?
A study that involves a vast 'crowd' of people; very diverse and broad.
What is a field experiment?
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What is a case study?
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The social desirability effect is a bias that affects a person to respond to ____ in a way that will be viewed favorably by others.
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What did Charles Darwin and Galton believe caused human behavior?
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What are the steps of the scientific method used in psychology?
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Why is psychology considered a social science?
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Who was William James?
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What is John B. Watson known for?
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What did Sigmund Freud study?
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Who is Carl Rogers?
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What do cognitive psychologists study?
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What do behavioral psychologists study?
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What do neurobiological psychologists study?
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What do psychoanalytical psychologists study?
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What do socio-cultural psychologists study?
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What is random sampling?
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What do industrial psychologists do?
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Study Notes
Definitions of Key Terms
- Psychology: The scientific study of the human mind and its functions.
- Longitudinal Study: Research examining a single subject or group over an extended period, tracking changes and developments.
- Cross-Sectional Study: Research that captures a broad, diverse group of individuals at a single point in time.
Research Methods
- Field Experiment: Investigation conducted in natural, real-world settings, employing the scientific method to observe events.
- Case Study: An in-depth examination of individual cases or events over time, providing comprehensive insights (e.g., Columbine, VA Tech shooting).
- Random Sampling: Data collection method involving a selection of random subjects to achieve diverse results; however, this can lead to specificity issues.
Psychological Effects and Biases
- Social Desirability Effect: A bias that drives individuals to respond in ways they believe will be viewed positively by others.
Historical Figures and Concepts
- Charles Darwin and Francis Galton: Believed human behaviors are inherited genetically.
- William James: First educator in human psychology and author of the first psychology textbook.
- John B. Watson: Focused on the impact of learning on emotions and behavior, emphasizing parenting influences.
- Sigmund Freud: Pioneer of psychoanalysis, studied unconscious motives often tied to sexual desires and pleasure-seeking behavior.
- Carl Rogers: Humanist psychologist advocating for free will and individual potential.
Psychological Approaches
- Cognitive Psychology: Examines how individuals focus, store, and process information, likening the brain to a computer.
- Behavioral Psychology: Investigates how observation and learning from others shape behavior.
- Neurobiological Psychology: Studies brain functions in response to stimuli, focusing on thoughts and emotions from a medical perspective.
- Psychoanalytical Psychology: Focuses on unconscious motives and internal conflicts that drive behavior.
- Socio-Cultural Psychology: Explores how cultural backgrounds influence an individual's personality, emotions, and cognition.
Scientific Method in Psychology
- Observation of behavior
- Development of a theory
- Formulation of a hypothesis
- Selection of research method
- Data collection and statistical analysis
- Drawing conclusions while maintaining consistency in procedures
Understanding Psychology as a Social Science
- Psychology is classified as a social science because it revolves around the study of individuals, their minds, and the influence of social settings on behavior.
Industrial Psychology
- Industrial psychologists analyze workplace environments to identify areas for improvement and enhance productivity.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the fundamental concepts of psychology with this flashcard quiz. Explore definitions like longitudinal and cross-sectional studies to enhance your understanding of psychological research methods. Perfect for students diving into the basics of psychology.
