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What does the teleological view of history suggest?
What does the teleological view of history suggest?
Which of the following best describes Allen's approach to historical analysis?
Which of the following best describes Allen's approach to historical analysis?
Which theme is associated with the cultural and intellectual revival of the 14th-17th centuries?
Which theme is associated with the cultural and intellectual revival of the 14th-17th centuries?
What is the primary distinction between a telephoto and a wide lens perspective in history?
What is the primary distinction between a telephoto and a wide lens perspective in history?
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Which historical factor significantly impacted the spread of Christianity?
Which historical factor significantly impacted the spread of Christianity?
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Which dating system reflects the belief in Christ's divinity?
Which dating system reflects the belief in Christ's divinity?
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What major change did Constantine implement regarding Christianity?
What major change did Constantine implement regarding Christianity?
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In what way did geography affect the early spread of Christianity?
In what way did geography affect the early spread of Christianity?
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What was a significant social change brought about by the Black Death during the Renaissance?
What was a significant social change brought about by the Black Death during the Renaissance?
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Which family is known for significantly impacting the arts by patronizing numerous artists during the Renaissance?
Which family is known for significantly impacting the arts by patronizing numerous artists during the Renaissance?
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What was a key characteristic of Renaissance thought that emphasized human potential?
What was a key characteristic of Renaissance thought that emphasized human potential?
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What economic foundation was crucial for the emergence of Renaissance culture?
What economic foundation was crucial for the emergence of Renaissance culture?
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Which characteristic of the Renaissance encouraged a revival of ancient Greco-Roman culture?
Which characteristic of the Renaissance encouraged a revival of ancient Greco-Roman culture?
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How did the Crusades contribute to the cultural transformation of the Renaissance?
How did the Crusades contribute to the cultural transformation of the Renaissance?
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Which aspect of Renaissance thinking challenged traditional ideas and practices?
Which aspect of Renaissance thinking challenged traditional ideas and practices?
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What was a notable change regarding individual artists during the Renaissance?
What was a notable change regarding individual artists during the Renaissance?
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What was a key focus during the Renaissance period regarding human experience?
What was a key focus during the Renaissance period regarding human experience?
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Which characteristic does Leonardo da Vinci's 'The Last Supper' NOT illustrate?
Which characteristic does Leonardo da Vinci's 'The Last Supper' NOT illustrate?
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What does the term 'heliocentric' refer to?
What does the term 'heliocentric' refer to?
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How did the Scientific Revolution transform the understanding of the natural world?
How did the Scientific Revolution transform the understanding of the natural world?
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Which of the following artists is considered a significant figure in the advancements of art techniques during the Renaissance?
Which of the following artists is considered a significant figure in the advancements of art techniques during the Renaissance?
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Which aspect of art during the Renaissance is indicated by the term 'secularism'?
Which aspect of art during the Renaissance is indicated by the term 'secularism'?
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Who is known as the 'father of physics and astronomy' due to his pioneering work in the scientific method?
Who is known as the 'father of physics and astronomy' due to his pioneering work in the scientific method?
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What key debate characterized the transition from medieval to Renaissance thinking about the universe?
What key debate characterized the transition from medieval to Renaissance thinking about the universe?
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Which principle is NOT associated with the Enlightenment?
Which principle is NOT associated with the Enlightenment?
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What does the motto 'Sapere Aude' emphasize in the context of the Enlightenment?
What does the motto 'Sapere Aude' emphasize in the context of the Enlightenment?
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Which philosopher is known for the concept of the 'state of nature' being 'nasty, brutish, and short'?
Which philosopher is known for the concept of the 'state of nature' being 'nasty, brutish, and short'?
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Which Enlightenment philosopher is credited with the idea of 'government by consent'?
Which Enlightenment philosopher is credited with the idea of 'government by consent'?
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What key idea is associated with Montesquieu's work 'The Spirit of the Laws'?
What key idea is associated with Montesquieu's work 'The Spirit of the Laws'?
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Which statement best encapsulates the Enlightenment's view on religion?
Which statement best encapsulates the Enlightenment's view on religion?
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What significant impact did John Locke have on political thought?
What significant impact did John Locke have on political thought?
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In the context of the French and Indian War, what was General Braddock's role?
In the context of the French and Indian War, what was General Braddock's role?
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What event in 1066 significantly affected the power dynamics in England that would later influence American governance?
What event in 1066 significantly affected the power dynamics in England that would later influence American governance?
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Which document, signed in 1215, played a crucial role in limiting royal authority and laying the groundwork for constitutional governance?
Which document, signed in 1215, played a crucial role in limiting royal authority and laying the groundwork for constitutional governance?
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Which major event marked the beginning of European exploration of the Americas?
Which major event marked the beginning of European exploration of the Americas?
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Which key conflict in 1675-1676 highlighted tensions between Native Americans and colonists in New England?
Which key conflict in 1675-1676 highlighted tensions between Native Americans and colonists in New England?
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What was the purpose of the Mayflower Compact signed in 1620?
What was the purpose of the Mayflower Compact signed in 1620?
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Which of the following best describes the Half-Way Covenant adopted in 1662?
Which of the following best describes the Half-Way Covenant adopted in 1662?
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Which event marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation in 1517?
Which event marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation in 1517?
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What was the significance of the Glorious Revolution of 1688?
What was the significance of the Glorious Revolution of 1688?
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What did the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 accomplish?
What did the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 accomplish?
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Which outcome best describes the effects of the Great Awakening in the 1730s and 1740s?
Which outcome best describes the effects of the Great Awakening in the 1730s and 1740s?
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What was a key feature of Roman democracy that influenced modern systems?
What was a key feature of Roman democracy that influenced modern systems?
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Which development in the English government limited royal power?
Which development in the English government limited royal power?
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Which colony is recognized for its establishment as a haven for Catholics?
Which colony is recognized for its establishment as a haven for Catholics?
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What was the primary reason for the development of mercantilism in the colonies?
What was the primary reason for the development of mercantilism in the colonies?
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What was the role of indentured servitude in early colonial America?
What was the role of indentured servitude in early colonial America?
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Which aspect of New England society was significantly influenced by its geography?
Which aspect of New England society was significantly influenced by its geography?
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Which event marked the beginning of significant conflict between colonists and Native Americans in New England?
Which event marked the beginning of significant conflict between colonists and Native Americans in New England?
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What governing principle was central to the Iroquois Confederacy?
What governing principle was central to the Iroquois Confederacy?
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What was a key component of the triangular trade system?
What was a key component of the triangular trade system?
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Which factor greatly contributed to the success of Virginia's early economic development?
Which factor greatly contributed to the success of Virginia's early economic development?
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In what way did the Protestant Reformation impact colonial America?
In what way did the Protestant Reformation impact colonial America?
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What characterized the settlement patterns in the Southern colonies?
What characterized the settlement patterns in the Southern colonies?
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What did the Navigation Acts enforce in colonial America?
What did the Navigation Acts enforce in colonial America?
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Which key figure is associated with the establishment of a representative assembly in Virginia?
Which key figure is associated with the establishment of a representative assembly in Virginia?
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Study Notes
Unit 1 Study Guide
- Teleological: A view of history that presumes events progress towards a specific purpose or end goal. This view suggests historical events are predetermined or inevitable.
- Contingency: The opposite of teleological, suggesting historical events are not predetermined. Historical outcomes depend on various circumstances and could have evolved differently.
- Allen's Approach/Rationale: A historical analysis method that examines events through multiple perspectives, understanding how interconnected factors influence historical outcomes.
- Four Themes:
- Religion: The role of religious beliefs and institutions in shaping historical events.
- Commerce: Economic activities and trade relationships.
- Renaissance: A cultural and intellectual revival of the 14th-17th centuries.
- Scientific Revolution: Major shifts in scientific thought and methodology.
- Telephoto vs Wide Lens in History:
- Telephoto: Focuses on specific details or events in history.
- Wide Lens: Takes a broader view of historical events, considering numerous factors and connections.
- Christianity:
- BC/AD - BCE/CE: Dating systems; BC/AD (Before Christ/Anno Domini) versus BCE/CE (Before Common Era/Common Era).
(30 AD) Jesus - Divinity
- Central belief in Jesus as a divine figure.
Constantine Impact
- Roman Emperor who legalized Christianity. His actions led to its spread and the relocation of the Roman capital from Rome to Constantinople.
Geography Impact/Spread of Christianity
- Physical location influenced Christianity's development. Early Christian teachers used available Roman roads and sea routes to disseminate their teachings throughout the expanding empire, particularly in major cities.
Islam
- Mohammed: Prophet and founder of Islam born in 570 CE.
- Medina/Mecca: Holy cities in Islam; Mohammed's journey between these cities was pivotal to the establishment and spread of Islam.
- Spread of Islam: Expansion across the Mediterranean and beyond.
- Islamic calendar. The migration of Muhammad and his followers to Medina marks the beginning.
Great Schism 1054
- The division between Western Christians (now called Roman Catholics) and Eastern Christians (now called Eastern Orthodox).
- Based on language differences (Latin vs Greek), leadership (Pope vs Patriarch) and rules regarding priestly marriage and divorce.
Crusades
- Purpose: Religious wars to reclaim the Holy Land.
- Pope Urban II: Initiated the First Crusade in 1095, rallying European forces to liberate the Holy Land.
- Papacy: Role of Catholic Church leadership in orchestrating the Crusades.
- Unexpected Results: Cultural exchange, increased trade, weakening of the feudal system. The Crusades exposed Europeans to new ideas, goods, and cultures from the Middle East.
- In essence they introduced Europeans to silk, spices, and new trade routes.
Trade and Economy
- The Crusades revitalized Mediterranean trade. Venice and Genoa became prominent trading hubs during the period.
- Italian merchants developed sophisticated banking systems, including bills of exchange and double-entry bookkeeping.
- The Crusades led to the expansion of trade routes connecting Europe to the Middle East and Asia.
Knowledge and Education
- When Crusaders returned home, they brought back advanced knowledge in science, medicine, and mathematics from the Middle East.
Social Structure
- The Crusades led to a weakening of the rigid medieval social structure. The increased mobility and exposure to ideas led to greater social mobility for some.
Banking and Money
- The Crusades spurred the development of European banking systems and financial instruments (like letters of credit and bookkeeping methods). The period saw an increase in financial innovations.
Culture and Daily Life
- The Crusades introduced new foods, architectural techniques, fashions, table manners, and hygiene practices to Europe.
The Commercial Revolution
- A fundamental shift from a feudal, agricultural economy to a complex commercial economy. Increased trade, development of markets, and new financial and organizational structures were key components of the shift.
Black Death (1347-1351)
- Death Toll: Estimated one-third of Europe's population died during the pandemic.
- Impact on Society: Led to labor shortages, wage increases, and social mobility.
Changes in Society
- The plague resulted in higher wages for laborers and more diverse opportunities for workers across trades.
Renaissance (1300-1600s)
- Location: Italy
- Role of Crusades/Black Death: Created conditions for cultural transformation.
- Key Characteristics: Individualism, Humanism, Secularism, Creativity. Revival of Greek and Roman culture. The Medici Family played a significant role in supporting arts and learning.
Trade: Economic foundation of Renaissance culture
- The Renaissance was driven in part by a flourishing trade network across Europe. Increased trade spurred the development of banks and economic ideas.
Creativity and Innovation
- This period saw significant advancements in art techniques, architecture, and science.
Scientific Revolution
- Copernicus: Geocentric/Heliocentric debate.
- Galileo: Pioneer of scientific method and telescopic astronomy.
- Scientific Method: Systematic observation, hypothesis, and experimentation.
- Historical Significance: Transformed understanding of the natural world.
Technological Advances
- Printing Press/Moveable Type
- Gutenberg Bible
- Caravel/Lateen Sails
- Astrolabe/Compass
Portuguese Exploration and Influence
- Prince Henry the Navigator established a navigation school.
- Developed crucial naval technologies.
- Systematic exploration of the African coast.
Columbus
- Enterprise of the Indies: Columbus's expedition plan.
- Spain - Isabella/Ferdinand: Supported Columbus' expedition.
- Trade Winds/Cipango: Navigation routes influenced Columbus's targets.
- Voyage Challenges: Difficulties, crew unrest.
- San Salvador/Arawak: First landing site and native people encountered.
- Admiral of the Seas: Title given to Columbus.
- "Discovery of America": Debate about the nature of Columbus's accomplishments.
Cycle of Conquest
- Stages of colonization: Explorers, conquistadors, missionaries, settlers, and colony formation.
- Conflicts among different groups.
- Aztec Empire/Incan Empire: Major Native American civilizations encountered.
Contest for Empire - Catholic Church
- Portugal and Spain: Major powers during expansion efforts.
- Pagan Lands: Territories targeted for conversion.
- Papal Bulls: Guidelines for conquest of territories and justification of conversions.
- The Doctrine of Discovery.
- Requerimiento: Formal announcement to native populations.
- "Just War": Concept justifying conquest.
Impact of European Interaction
- Conflicts between Spaniards and natives.
- Census Results/Implications: Population shifts.
- Impact of Disease: devastating impact on native populations.
- Impact on Indigenous Populations: Cultural, social, and demographic changes.
- Columbian Exchange:
Trade/Markets
- Trade route evolution
- Product impact
- Role of key regions
- Spice trade
- Commercial revolution
Columbian Exchange
- Effects of exchanges on both Old and New Worlds.
- Long term impact on global agricultural practices and world population.
Debate Between Sepulveda and Las Casas
- Philosophical debate about treatment of indigenous peoples.
- Different views on native humanity and rights.
Types of Government
- Anarchy
- Autocracy
- Confederation
- Monarchy
- Oligarchy
- Socialism
- Theocracy
- Plutocracy
- Aristocracy
Ancient Greece
- Polis - city-states
- Archons
- Solon & Citizenship
- Cleisthenes
- Direct Democracy
Ancient Rome
- Republican Government
- Representative Democracy
- Patricians vs. Plebeians
- Checks and Balances
Christianity Evolves
- Christian vs. Catholic
- Catholicism in 1400s
- Catholic Hegemony
- Indulgences/Tetzel
Reformation
- Martin Luther
- Key characteristics: Individualism, Humanism, Secularism, Creativity,
- Role of Crusades/Black Death
The Scientific Revolution
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts from Unit 1, including teleological vs. contingency views of history and Allen's analytical approach. Explore the four major themes of history: religion, commerce, the Renaissance, and the Scientific Revolution. Test your understanding of how these elements interconnect within historical narratives.
