Unit 1 - Science, Technology, and Society

Unit 1 - General Concepts and STS Historical Developments

• Objectives: The unit aims to discuss science and technology's interaction with society throughout history, analyzing how these developments affect both society and the environment. It will also explore paradigm shifts, societal transformations, and the contributions of various civilizations to science and technology. Crucially, this unit covers how Philippine nation-building has been influenced by science and technology policy. Students will evaluate government policies, identify specific policies, and analyze their impact on the nation's progress.

Ancient Times

• Interactions: Early societies used their experiences to develop knowledge and improve their lives. This involved exploration and a search for greater comfort.

Ancient Civilizations of the World

• Advancements: The birth of civilizations brought advancements in science and technology, supported by evidence.

Medieval or Dark Ages

• Decline: The period after the fall of Rome was a time of perceived stagnation in scientific and technological progress.

• Examples: The Black Death, lack of great leaders or significant artistic creations are cited as indicators of this decline.

Middle Ages & Books

• Scarcity: Books were costly and rare, needing to be meticulously copied by hand. Each page had to be individually handwritten.

Gutenberg Printing Press

• Revolution: Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the printing press brought mass production to written works, empowering wider dissemination of knowledge.

• Impact: This development aided information accessibility and spurred the Industrial Revolution.

Revolutionary Discoveries in Modern Ages

• Heliocentric Theory: Nicolaus Copernicus' heliocentric theory revolutionized astronomical thinking.

• Law of Gravity: Isaac Newton's law of gravity explained the Moon's orbit and other celestial movements.

Galileo's Concept of Inertia

• Motion: Galileo's discoveries about motion and inertia challenged previous theories.

• Key Concepts: Through observation of rolling balls, Galileo established that a body in motion on a frictionless surface will maintain that motion indefinitely.

First Industrial Revolution

• Key Inventions: James Watt's steam engine and Edmund Cartwright's mechanical loom were vital inventions of this period.

First, Second, Third and Fourth Industrial Revolutions

• Progression: The First Industrial Revolution utilized steam and water power, the Second utilized electricity, the Third utilized information technologies and electronics, and the Fourth involves cyber-physical systems melding physical, digital, and biological aspects.

Pre-Spanish Period

• Banaue Rice Terraces: An example of remarkable engineering and agricultural achievements from the pre-Spanish era in the Philippines.

Spanish Colonial Period

• Influence: The Spanish colonial period introduced elements of science and technology to the Philippines while the Suez Canal fostered global trade.

American Period and Post-Commonwealth Era

• Bureaucracy: The establishment of government agencies like bureaus of government laboratories and institutes of science during this period fostered science and technology advancements.

Marcos Era and Martial Law

• Science Agencies: Government agencies like the National Grains Authority, PAGASA, and the National Academy of Science and Technology were established during this era.

The Fifth Republic - Pres. Corazon Aquino's Presidency

• Education: The Free Public Secondary Education Act introduced "Science for the Masses Program," furthering science education.

Fidel V. Ramos Presidency

• National Developments: Key national developments include establishment of a science high school and the Magna Carta for Science and Technology Personnel.

Pres. Joseph Estrada Presidency

• Legal Frameworks: The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 and the Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 represent notable legislation during this time.

President Gloria Arroyo Presidency

• "Golden Age" of STS: This period is characterized by a "Golden Age" for science and technology in the Philippines, reflecting a combined emphasis on innovation, environment-focused efforts, and science-based initiatives

Pres. Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III Presidency

• National Scientists: Four new National Scientists were recognized for their outstanding contributions in their respective scientific fields. (Trono, Alcala, Barba, Gomez)

Some Filipino Inventors and Inventions

• Filipino inventors' various contributions to scientific fields are explored, such as the Yoyo, Banana Catsup, Medical Incubator, Patis, Erythromycin, Video Phone, Isolated Rice Breeds, Lunar Rover, 16-bit Computer Microchip, Sing-A-Long System, Alco Diesel, Anti-cancer cream.

This quiz covers the interaction between science, technology, and society throughout history, focusing on paradigm shifts and societal changes. It explores the contributions of ancient civilizations and the impact of science and technology on Philippine nation-building. Students will evaluate key government policies and their influence on progress.