Unit 1 - General Concepts in STS History

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Questions and Answers

What was one of the impacts of the Gutenberg Printing Press?

It increased the cost of writing materials.

It led to the birth of the industrial revolution. (correct)

It fostered the rise of manual book copying.

It reduced the availability of books.

Which of the following best describes the societal contribution of Nicolaus Copernicus?

He developed the steam engine.

He discovered the laws of motion.

He proposed the Heliocentric Theory. (correct)

He invented the mechanical loom.

What was a result of the Fall of Rome during the Medieval Ages?

Significant advancements in the arts.

A surge in scientific discoveries.

An absence of notable leaders and accomplishments. (correct)

The establishment of powerful empires.

Which of the following advancements is attributed to the First Industrial Revolution?

James Watt’s Steam Engine Signup and view all the answers

During which historical period did the National Food Authority come to exist?

Marcos Era and Martial Law Signup and view all the answers

What aspect did the telescope discovery by Galileo Galilei contribute to?

Understanding celestial motions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates the contributions of various civilizations to science and technology?

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) play during the Marcos Era?

It provided meteorological and astronomical services. Signup and view all the answers

What initiative was included in the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988 during Corazon Aquino's presidency?

Science for the Masses Program Signup and view all the answers

Which legislation aimed at promoting environmental sustainability was enacted during Joseph Estrada's presidency?

Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 Signup and view all the answers

What was known as the 'Golden Age' of Science and Technology in the Philippines?

Gloria Arroyo's presidency Signup and view all the answers

Who was recognized as a National Scientist for extensive studies on seaweed species?

Gavino C. Trono Signup and view all the answers

Which invention is associated with Maria Orosa Ylagan?

Banana Catsup Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Biofuels Act, enacted during Gloria Arroyo's presidency?

Promotion of renewable energy sources Signup and view all the answers

Which Filipino inventor developed the Lunar Rover?

Edwardo San Juan Signup and view all the answers

What contribution did Rolando Dela Cruz make to the field of medicine?

Anti-cancer cream for Basal Skin Carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Unit 1 - General Concepts and STS Historical Developments

This unit covers the interactions between science, technology, and society throughout history.
Objectives include: discussing science and technology interactions throughout history; analyzing how scientific and technological developments impact society and the environment; identifying historical paradigm shifts; explaining how science and technology shape societies; recognizing the contributions of past civilizations to advancements; and evaluating the impact of Philippine government science and technology policies on nation-building.

Ancient Times

Early humans explored their environment, gaining knowledge, and creating a comfortable lifestyle.
Ancient civilizations and empires emerged, leading to increased scientific understanding.

Medieval or Dark Ages

This period was characterized by a lack of significant scientific advancements, great art production, or notable leaders.
Key events like the Fall of Rome and the Black Death were noted.
Books were expensive and rare, requiring hand-copying for each book.

Gutenberg Printing Press

Johannes Gutenberg's printing press revolutionized the production of written works.
It enabled easier access to information and marked the beginning of the industrial revolution.

Revolutionary Discoveries in Modern Ages

Nicolaus Copernicus's heliocentric theory placed the Sun at the center of the solar system.
Isaac Newton's law of gravity explained the force that keeps celestial bodies in motion.
Galileo Galilei's discoveries in the fields of the telescope, motion, and inertia profoundly impacted scientific thought.

First Industrial Revolution

James Watt's steam engine and Edmund Cartwright's mechanical loom were pivotal advancements.

Stages of Technological Advancement

The document outlines four stages of technological advancement. They are Mechanical Production, Mass Production, Digital, and Cyber Physical Systems.

Pre-Spanish Period and Spanish Colonial Period

Philippine pre-colonial societies, as evidenced by the Banaue Rice Terraces, exhibited early technological advancements.
The Spanish colonial era brought changes, including introduction of institutions and the Suez Canal.

American Period and Post Commonwealth Era

The American period established key government science and technology institutions like the Bureau of Government laboratories and Institute of Science.

Marcos Era and Martial Law

Government agencies like National Grains Authority (NGA), PAGASA, Philippine National Oil Company (PNOC) were established or re-organized during this period.

The Fifth Republic

Corazon Aquino's administration was marked by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988, which included the Science for the Masses program.

Fidel V. Ramos Presidency

This period saw initiatives such as science high schools in Visayas and Mindanao, the Magna Carta for Science and Technology Personnel, and the inventors incentives act.

Pres. Joseph Estrada Presidency

This period was marked by the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 and the Electronic Commerce Act of 2000.

Pres. Gloria Arroyo Presidency

This period was referred to as the "Golden Age" of science and technology, with emphasis placed on environmental and science laws.
The Biofuels Act focused on creating alternative energy sources

Pres. Benigno Simeon C. Aquino III Presidency

Four new National Scientists were recognized in this period.

Some Filipino Inventors and Inventions

The presentation highlights significant inventions by Filipinos from the 17th century to the 20th century.
Examples include the Yo-yo, Banana Catsup, Medical Incubator, Patis or fish sauce, Erythromycin, Video Phone, Isolated Rice Breeds, Lunar Rover, and 16-bit computer microchip.
Inventors and their inventions, with specific years of creation, are given.

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Description

Explore the intricate relationships between science, technology, and society from ancient times to the medieval period. Analyze key historical developments, their impacts on society, and the contributions of various civilizations. This unit also evaluates government policies on science and technology in the Philippines.