Unit 1: Care of Clients with IV Therapies
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Questions and Answers

Which intervention is NOT recommended for supportive care in viral pneumonia?

  • Antipyretics
  • Oxygen for hypoxemia
  • Antivirals for influenza pneumonia
  • Definitive treatment (correct)

    • What is an important nursing intervention to prevent hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)?

  • Assess for cough reflex
  • Administer high-dose steroids
  • Elevate head of bed 30 degrees (correct)
  • Limit oral hygiene to once daily

    • Which of the following is a trigger for asthma exacerbation?

  • Adequate hydration
  • High-caloric meals
  • Exercise (correct)
  • Avoidance of allergens

    • What is an appropriate intervention for someone hospitalized with a PEFR of 126?

    <p>Patient education on triggers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should be included in the assessment for diabetes management?

    <p>Urine acetone and serum creatinine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors are important to assess when evaluating a patient's role-relationship pattern related to cardiovascular health?

    <p>Marital status and role in the household</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might erectile dysfunction (ED) be related to cardiovascular health problems?

    <p>It can indicate peripheral vascular disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored when obtaining orthostatic blood pressure measurements?

    <p>SBP should decrease no more than 20 mm Hg from supine to standing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential source of stress for patients with cardiovascular disease?

    <p>Health concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about a patient's beliefs related to cardiovascular disease?

    <p>Patients often blame themselves for their illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign observed during a peripheral vascular system inspection could indicate possible heart failure?

    <p>Edema in the legs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of measuring blood pressure bilaterally?

    <p>To choose the arm with the highest reading for further measurements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes in vital signs should be noted when a patient stands from a supine position?

    <p>SBP should not decrease more than 20 mm Hg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when administering bisphosphonates for osteoporosis?

    <p>Remain upright for at least 30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly used for managing mild to moderate rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Methotrexate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rare side effect associated with bisphosphonate therapy?

    <p>Jaw osteonecrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the management of osteoarthritis, which of the following treatments should be avoided together?

    <p>Topical and oral NSAIDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should be monitored during treatment with hydroxychloroquine?

    <p>Vision health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the treatment protocol for managing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) emphasize?

    <p>Lowest effective dosage of corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options is contraindicated for pregnant women?

    <p>Methotrexate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using corticosteroids for rheumatoid arthritis, which management strategy should be employed?

    <p>Start with the lowest effective dose for a short duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an appropriate nursing intervention for a patient with compartment syndrome?

    <p>Monitor for increased pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following measures should be taken to prevent complications after a fracture?

    <p>Keep the plaster cast dry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oral colchicine in gout management?

    <p>To reduce inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important dietary consideration for patients on corticosteroids?

    <p>Ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum amount of elemental calcium the body can handle at one time?

    <p>500 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary restriction is recommended for the prevention of gout?

    <p>Limit intake of foods high in purine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the management of rheumatoid arthritis, which of the following therapies is typically employed?

    <p>Surgical therapy to relieve severe pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much calcium intake is recommended daily for women aged 51 and older?

    <p>1200 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms should be monitored for in a patient experiencing systemic lupus erythematosus?

    <p>Signs of bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some complementary therapies for osteoarthritis?

    <p>Acupuncture and Tai Chi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ulcer is characterized by pain occurring 15-30 minutes after eating?

    <p>Gastric ulcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is a key indicator of peritonitis?

    <p>Abdominal rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is most commonly used for C.Diff infection treatment?

    <p>PO vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of duodenum ulcers?

    <p>Burning sensation occurring 3-4 hours after eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of C.Diff infection?

    <p>Severe and continuous abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach to cleaning equipment after a C.Diff infection?

    <p>Clean with bleach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a risk factor for duodenum ulcers?

    <p>Regular physical exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential patient teaching point regarding hydrational needs in managing urinary tract infections?

    <p>Maintain adequate hydration to help flush out bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug therapy is specifically indicated for acute pyelonephritis with severe symptoms?

    <p>IV fluids with a combination of antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In managing urinary tract calculi, which of the following is a recommended treatment option?

    <p>Surgical interventions like lithotripsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary intervention for managing ureteral strictures?

    <p>Surgical procedures like stent placement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which management technique is essential to prevent urinary retention?

    <p>Intermittent self-catheterizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key focus in the management of chronic kidney disease?

    <p>Correction of fluid overload or deficit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is important in the prevention of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?

    <p>Good personal hygiene and treating strep infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant treatment for nephrotic syndrome, depending on its causes?

    <p>Symptomatic and supportive care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may arise from untreated acute kidney injury?

    <p>Chronic Kidney Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is commonly used for the treatment of bladder cancer?

    <p>Surgical options like TURBT followed by chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial focus in managing Goodpasture syndrome?

    <p>Patient education on smoking cessation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk for individuals with polycystic kidney disease?

    <p>Progression to chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored in patients with rapid progressive glomerulonephritis?

    <p>Fluid balance and signs of uremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often recommended for treating urinary incontinence?

    <p>Behavioral modifications and bladder training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for changing an IV site to reduce infection risk?

    <p>Every 72-96 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action should a nurse take if they notice signs of phlebitis at the IV site?

    <p>Remove the IV immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a nurse do when an IV bag runs out before a new bag is available?

    <p>Use 10% dextrose to ensure blood sugar doesn't drop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked periodically during intravenous therapy?

    <p>The volume infused and integrity of the tubing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using aseptic technique during IV insertion?

    <p>To reduce the risk of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken if compartment syndrome is suspected?

    <p>Consult a physician immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily calcium intake for women aged 51 and older?

    <p>1200 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with compartment syndrome?

    <p>Unrelieved pain in the limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary lesion?

    <p>An initial skin abnormality on previously healthy skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary consideration is recommended to prevent gout?

    <p>Limit alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following signs is NOT typically associated with malignant lesions?

    <p>Regular borders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is typically recommended for folliculitis?

    <p>Topical antibiotics and systemic antibiotics if extensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is a complementary therapy for osteoarthritis?

    <p>Acupuncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of conducting regular monitoring of serum uric acid levels in gout management?

    <p>To prevent flare-ups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of herpes zoster?

    <p>Vesicles that do not cross the midline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about HSV infections is true?

    <p>They are lifelong infections that can cause localized pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a patient avoid doing with a plaster cast immediately after application?

    <p>Getting it wet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is NOT considered a typical approach for managing rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>High-intensity weight lifting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary nursing intervention for managing cellulitis?

    <p>Immobilization and elevation of the affected area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of impetigo?

    <p>Honey-colored crusted lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes secondary skin lesions?

    <p>They arise from manipulation or natural progression of primary lesions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with bursitis?

    <p>Fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of osteoarthritis?

    <p>Pain relief with rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of duodenum ulcers?

    <p>Caffeine intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom associated with gastric ulcers?

    <p>Pain occurring shortly after eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered a risk factor for osteoporosis?

    <p>Regular exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is most commonly used for C.Diff infections?

    <p>Oral vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of gout?

    <p>Prolonged fasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is associated with the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter?

    <p>Use of nitrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which descriptor best characterizes degenerative disc disease?

    <p>Radiculopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main clinical manifestation of a C.Diff infection?

    <p>Watery diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is most at risk for developing osteoporosis?

    <p>Females over 65</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic pain pattern is associated with duodenum ulcers?

    <p>Pain that occurs 3-4 hours after eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a classic sign of rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Skin rashes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical assessment focus for nursing care in patients suspected of having peritonitis?

    <p>Assessing bowel sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical manifestation is associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?

    <p>Butterfly rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by crepitation and joint pain with movement?

    <p>Osteoarthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary nursing intervention for patients with recurrent urinary tract infections?

    <p>Teach prevention measures and adequate hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration for antibiotic therapy in patients with mild acute pyelonephritis?

    <p>7-14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is commonly administered for urinary tract calculi in addition to hydration?

    <p>Surgical intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus in managing chronic kidney disease?

    <p>Correction of fluid imbalance and dietary management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of acute kidney injury, what is crucial to monitor for patients at risk?

    <p>Signs and symptoms of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is important for preventing acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?

    <p>Taking all prescribed antibiotics for streptococcal infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common intervention for patients suffering from urinary retention?

    <p>Intermittent self-catheterization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Goodpasture syndrome primarily managed in a clinical setting?

    <p>Use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In chronic glomerulonephritis, what constitutes the primary mode of management?

    <p>Symptomatic and supportive care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key aspect of managing nephrotic syndrome depending on its causes?

    <p>Medication adjustment based on renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant concern following surgical intervention for bladder cancer?

    <p>Long-term surveillance monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is often indicated for chronic kidney disease to manage hyperkalemia?

    <p>Calcium supplementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surgical option may be utilized for ureteral strictures?

    <p>Ureteroureterostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Unit 1: Care of Clients with IV Therapies

    • Assess the IV site on each access
    • Remove if signs of phlebitis (e.g., warmth, tenderness, palpable venous cord)
    • Flush saline lock every shift and PRN
    • Compare the IV bag to the order
    • Maintain aseptic technique during insertion
    • Change IV site every 72-96 hours
    • Change IV tubing every 96 hours
    • Use proper needle connectors/tubing
    • If the IV bag runs out early, start with 10% dextrose to adjust blood glucose levels

    Discussing Teaching Plans for IV Therapy

    • Refrigerate until 30 minutes before use (good for 24 hours at room temperature)
    • Follow proper aseptic technique to reduce infections
    • Set alarms to alert for tubing obstructions
    • Teach patients not to lay on or kink tubes
    • Regularly check IV solution for changes in volume, leaks, particulate matter, clarity, and fat emulsions
    • Promptly return abnormal solutions to pharmacy for replacement
    • Increase flow rates slowly
    • Monitor blood glucose levels every 4-6 hours

    Identifying and Preventing IV Complications

    • Phlebitis: Inflammation of the vein's inner layer, caused by movement, antibiotics, or bacteria.
      • Assessment findings: redness, pain, swelling, warmth.
      • Interventions: stop infusion, start new IV site on another extremity, elevate extremity.
    • Infiltration: Leakage of IV fluids into subcutaneous tissue. -Assessment findings: swelling, leaking near IV site, cool to the touch. -Interventions: stop infusion, new IV on another extremity.
    • Extravasation: Leakage of vesicant fluids (e.g., chemotherapy) into subcutaneous tissue. -Assessment findings: blistering. -Interventions: stop infusion, new IV on another extremity.
    • Fluid Overload: too much IV fluids. -Assessment findings: edema, confusion, jugular vein distension. -Interventions: good aseptic technique, rotating insertion sites.
    • Hyperglycemia: High blood sugar. -Assessment findings: increased blood sugar levels - consult a doctor. -Interventions: frequent monitoring, adjusting fluids based on blood glucose.
    • Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar. -Assessment findings: Low blood sugar, check blood glucose levels
      • Interventions: frequent monitoring, adjusting fluids based on blood glucose.
    • Infection/Sepsis: Infection from improper technique. -Assessment: redness, fever, heat, pain, swelling. -Interventions: elevate, warm compresses, restart at new site, use aseptic technique.

    Unit 2-3: Cardiovascular Disease and Vascular Disorders

    • Obtain health history to assess risk factors
    • Evaluate current and past medication use
    • Assess patient's past treatment, surgeries, or hospitalizations related to cardiovascular problems
    • Evaluate risk factors (e.g., lipids, hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes, etc.)
    • Evaluate nutritional history based on weight
    • Assess incontinence or constipation
    • Assess changes in lower extremity swelling with elevation
    • Assess activity levels and exercise patterns and relevant symptoms
    • Evaluate sexual history for issues like fatigue or chest pain during activity
    • Evaluate patient's coping methods for stress

    Unit 4: Respiratory System

    • Assess for CNS (central nervous system) symptoms
    • Assess for cardiovascular symptoms
    • Assess for respiratory symptoms
    • Assess for other symptoms (e.g., diaphoresis, fatigue, decreased urine output)
    • Assess for supportive care

    Unit 5 - Diabetes Mellitus

    • Evaluate diagnostic and lab testing (A1C levels, fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour plasma glucose)
    • Assess assessment data and nursing interventions related to diabetes mellitus

    Unit 6 - Hypothyroidism

    • Assess for symptoms and diagnostic testing (TSH, free T4, thyroid antibodies)
    • Identify interventions related to hormone therapy
    • Evaluate treatment goals and medication options

    Unit 7 - Hyperthyroidism

    • Assess for symptoms and diagnostic testing
    • Evaluate appropriate diet considerations
    • Determine post-op care

    Unit 8 - Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disorders

    • Analyze lab and diagnostic testing (CBC, electrolytes, stool, small bowel follow-through)
    • Evaluate diagnostic testing and interventions

    Unit 9 - Musculoskeletal Disorders

    • Assess symptoms (e.g., warmth, pain, Swelling, limited ROM)
    • Evaluate Interventions related to fractures and other problems
    • Evaluate the risk factors, and evaluate nursing care

    Unit 10 - Urinary Disorders

    • Evaluate symptoms and interventions (e.g., pain, frequency, dysuria, incontinence)
    • Assess for appropriate diagnostic testing and interventions

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