Understanding Two-Spirit Identities in Indigenous Cultures

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What distinguishes Participatory action research (PAR) from other approaches?

Participants become collaborators in the research process. (correct)

PAR uses traditional research questions written by researchers.

PAR is conducted only with oppressed communities.

PAR does not involve input from community members.

Why does PAR benefit from the insider perspective of collaborators?

To inform policy and practice effectively.

To exclude community members from the research process.

To enhance the research by bringing unique insights and knowledge. (correct)

To maintain power dynamics between researchers and community members.

How does PAR empower participants?

By excluding them from the research entirely.

By involving them in defining research questions and sharing power. (correct)

By limiting their involvement in the research design.

By providing findings that do not inform policy or practice.

According to Reason & Bradbury (2008), why do PAR approaches vary?

As a result of the active role of research participants in defining questions and design. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of Participatory action research (PAR)?

To effect social change through increased awareness or new social practices. Signup and view all the answers

How does PAR extend beyond its findings?

By serving as a basis to inform policy, practice, or communities’ perception of themselves. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a photovoice project?

To give participants control over what stories they share through photography Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the central concerns identified by Tibetan women in the study by Logan and Murdie (2016)?

Creating a comfortable home in their apartment Signup and view all the answers

What is a common challenge faced by researchers in analyzing photovoice data?

Complexity in synthesizing data from multiple images into a coherent narrative Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of secondary data analysis?

To analyze data that has been previously collected by other scholars or institutions Signup and view all the answers

What type of documents can provide direct insight into social relations and phenomena?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which document serves as the basis for examining diverse sociological questions related to missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls?

National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls 2019 survey data Signup and view all the answers

What term did the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (2019) use to refer to a specific group of individuals?

"2SLGBTQQIA" people Signup and view all the answers

What was one key finding mentioned in the final report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls?

"Repeated human rights abuses" Signup and view all the answers

What was the location where Tibetan refugee women were studied through photovoice according to Logan and Murdie (2016)?

Toronto Signup and view all the answers

What concept was central to the settlement experiences of Tibetan refugee women studied by Logan and Murdie (2016)?

Connecting with nature Signup and view all the answers

What does the term '2S' signify in the text?

An emphasis on Indigenous sexuality and gender identities Signup and view all the answers

What is a major advantage of secondary data analysis according to the text?

More time for data analysis and interpretation Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant disadvantage of secondary data analysis as mentioned in the text?

Difficulty in establishing data quality Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of social media research compared to traditional research?

Access to vast real-time global data Signup and view all the answers

Which platform provides the most significant amount of user-generated content in an internet minute based on the text?

Google Signup and view all the answers

What makes analysis based on social media data challenging for researchers as discussed in the text?

Incomplete datasets and lack of critical demographic information Signup and view all the answers

'Big and broad data' generation is described as unique because it offers a(n) ___ opportunity to learn about the social world.

'Unique' opportunity Signup and view all the answers

'Secondary data from Statistics Canada are readily available for analysis, but they are limited due to ___.'

'Lack of preexisting questions and content' Signup and view all the answers

What is the main emphasis of the PAR process described by Kemmis and McTaggart (2008)?

Highlighting the need for continuous self-reflection cycles Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider ethical considerations when conducting research with Indigenous communities?

To prevent a disconnect from their own culture Signup and view all the answers

Which research method is highlighted as accurately representing Indigenous cultures in the text?

Storytelling Signup and view all the answers

According to Datta (2018), what can happen if standard research approaches are adopted in Indigenous communities?

Disconnect from culture and heritage Signup and view all the answers

What are the key values expressed through storytelling in Indigenous communities according to Corntassel et al. (2009)?

Historical narratives and connections to place Signup and view all the answers

In Archibald's (2008b) framework, what does 'responsibility' refer to in Indigenous research methods?

The accountability towards the story and each other Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of storytelling in the context of colonialism according to Smith (2013)?

To serve as a decolonizing methodology Signup and view all the answers

How do Indigenous methodologies serve as a counternarrative to the Canadian state’s notion of reconciliation?

By encouraging traditional storytelling practices Signup and view all the answers

Why is maintaining the trust of participants essential in research?

To avoid breaching ethical standards and causing harm to participants Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of providing participants with a letter of information before a study starts?

To outline the study procedures, risks, and allow them to make an informed decision Signup and view all the answers

What does voluntary participation refer to in research ethics?

Participants can choose whether or not to participate without any pressure or coercion Signup and view all the answers

What is coercion in the context of research participation?

Using persuasive measures to convince participants to take part in the study against their will Signup and view all the answers

Why is debriefing important in research ethics?

To help participants understand the full scope of the study Signup and view all the answers

Why might scholars withhold information about the real purpose of a study from participants initially?

To avoid reactivity that could alter participant behavior during the study Signup and view all the answers

What has made sociologists rethink how they engage with human participants in research?

The data revolution generated by internet and mobile device users Signup and view all the answers

A 2014 study led to a call for further discussion around what topic?

The study highlights ethical breaches related to social media data research Signup and view all the answers

In Milgram's experiments on obedience to authority figures, what role did the 'teacher' and 'learner' play?

The 'teacher' was a real participant while the 'learner' was a confederate. Signup and view all the answers

What was the aim of the Facebook experiment conducted by Kramer et al. in 2014?

To manipulate the amount of positive and negative emotions users were exposed to on Facebook. Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical research practice was violated during the Facebook experiment according to the text?

Both B and C Signup and view all the answers

What role does a Research Ethics Board (REB) play in research involving human participants?

Evaluating research design for ethical soundness. Signup and view all the answers

What document outlines the standards that research in Canada needs to follow to protect human participants?

Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans. Signup and view all the answers

Which group of individuals are mentioned as needing special protection in research guidelines?

Children, pregnant women, and prisoners. Signup and view all the answers

What do ethics protocols for research typically include according to the text?

Letter of information, informed consent, research design, risks and benefits, voluntary participation information. Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for ensuring that all research projects involving data collection are in line with relevant guidelines?

The researcher conducting the project. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main criticisms directed at the Facebook experiment as mentioned in the text?

Ignoring ethical practices such as obtaining informed consent. Signup and view all the answers

What guidelines need to be followed for research involving Indigenous people according to the text?

Ethical guidelines embracing multiple dimensions of knowledge in interconnected relationships with people and places. Signup and view all the answers