Questions and Answers
How is the present subjunctive formed for regular verbs?
By swapping over ar, er, ir endings.
What is the pattern for completely irregular verbs in the present subjunctive?
They have no pattern, they are unique forms that must be memorised.
How do verbs that are irregular in the first person form their present subjunctive?
They carry their irregularity through from the present indicative.
What is the purpose of the subjunctive mood?
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What is the present subjunctive form of the verb Vivir (to live) in the first person?
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What is the present subjunctive form of the verb Dar (to give) in the third person?
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Study Notes
The Subjunctive Mood
- The subjunctive is a mood, not a tense, and can express the present, future, and past.
- The subjunctive mood is used to express feelings, influence, and doubt/uncertainty.
Formation of the Present Subjunctive
- For regular verbs, the present subjunctive is formed by swapping the ar, er, ir endings.
- Examples:
- Trabajar (to work): Trabaje, Trabajes, Trabaje, Trabajemos, Trabajéis, Trabajen
- Comer (to eat): Coma, Comas, Coma, Comamos, Comáis, Coman
- Vivir (to live): Viva, Vivas, Viva, Vivamos, Viváis, Vivan
Irregular Verbs in the Present Subjunctive
- There are two types of irregular verbs: Radical Changing Verbs and Completely Irregular Verbs.
Radical Changing Verbs
- Follow the same pattern as the present tense, but with changed endings.
- Examples:
- Querer (to want): Quiera, Quieras, Quiera, Queramos, Queráis, Quieran
- Volver (to return): Vuelva, Vuelvas, Vuelva, Volvamos, Volváis, Vuelvan
- Pedir (to ask): Pida, Pidas, Pida, Pedimos, Pedáis, Pidan
- Dormir (to sleep): Duerma, Duermas, Duerma, Duermamos, Duermáis, Duerman
Completely Irregular Verbs
- These verbs do not follow a specific pattern.
- Examples:
- Ser (to be): sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean
- Estar (to be): esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén
- Haber (to have): haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan
- Ir (to go): vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan
- Saber (to know): sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan
- Dar (to give): dé, des, dé, demamos, deis, den
Verbs Irregular in the First Person
- Verbs that are irregular in the present indicative will carry this irregularity through in the present subjunctive.
- Examples:
- Conducir (to drive): conduzco -> conduzca
- Tener (to have): tengo -> tenga
- Decir (to say): digo -> diga
- Salir (to leave): salgo -> salga
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Description
Learn about the subjunctive mood, its uses, and formation rules for regular verbs, including expressing feelings, influence, and doubt/uncertainty.
