Understanding the Self: Western vs Eastern Views

Understanding the Self

• This presentation discusses the concepts of self in Western and Eastern cultures.
• The learning objectives include explaining the Western concept of self, enumerating and discussing Eastern concepts of self, comparing Eastern and Western views of self, and examining personal conceptualization of self.
• A film viewing guide is included, asking students to note the characteristics of Asian and Western characters (Jackie Chan & Chris Tucker).

Western Concept of Self

• Individuals in Western cultures primarily identify with themselves.
• Individual needs are prioritized before group needs.
• Self-reliance and independence are highly valued.
• People in Western cultures tend to be emotionally and psychologically distant from others.
• Group membership is not essential for identity or success.
• Individualistic doers are self-assured and independent, quiet and realistic, and extremely rational.
• They cultivate their individual abilities and enjoy spontaneous and impulsive activities.
• Individual goals, initiative, and achievement are emphasized.
• Individual rights are prioritized over group concerns.
• Independence is valued, and relying on others is often seen as shameful.

Eastern Concept of Self

• The group is the primary entity in Eastern cultures.
• Individuals are considered part of a larger group.
• Success is often tied to group harmony.
• Individual goals and distinctiveness are less important.
• Maintaining harmonious social relations is paramount.
• Group goals often supersede individual goals.
• Group unity, brotherhood, and selflessness are promoted through rules.
• People prioritize community and family more than individuality.
• Feeling good about oneself often correlates with harmony within the group.
• Equality of treatment is not necessarily viewed as desirable.
• Easterners feel deeply rooted in their in-groups, distanced from out-groups.
• They trust in-group members more than out-group members.

Comparing Eastern and Western Views of Self

• Westerners in general feel detached from their in-groups and don't differentiate as much between in-group and out-group.
• East Asians are more focused on group goals and coordinated action than Westerners are on personal goals.

Quote about Learning

• Edward Hall noted that learning about oneself is best accomplished by seriously considering other cultures.
• The study of other cultures helps illuminate personal differences.