Understanding the Importance of Adenine Molecules

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Questions and Answers

What does the text suggest about the relationship between physical health and mental well-being?

Physical health has no impact on mental well-being.

Improving physical health can lead to improved mental well-being. (correct)

Physical health and mental well-being are completely unrelated.

Mental well-being has no influence on physical health.

Which need in Maslow's Hierarchy should be met first before addressing the need for security?

Need for Love and Belonging

Need for Esteem

Need for Physiological Needs (correct)

Need for Self Actualization

When taking care of a patient, why is it important for every medical professional to prioritize the patient's needs based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

To prioritize based on urgency (correct)

To follow a chronological order

To make the patient feel good

To address random needs first

What is the molecule formed by attaching Adenine to Ribose and 1 Phosphate group?

Adenosine Monophosphate Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups in an ATP molecule?

High-energy bond Signup and view all the answers

Why is having air to breathe considered a fundamental survival need according to the text?

Air is essential for sustaining life itself. Signup and view all the answers

How does a patient's positive mindset affect their recovery from diseases?

It significantly improves the chances and rate of recovery. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups in an ATP molecule is broken?

Energy is released Signup and view all the answers

Why do cells produce ATP molecules?

To store energy for future use Signup and view all the answers

In the hierarchy of needs discussed in the text, what comes after the Physiological and Safety Needs?

Love and Belonging Needs Signup and view all the answers

What can cells do with the energy released from breaking the bond in ATP?

Convert it to mechanical energy Signup and view all the answers

How does the text emphasize the interconnected nature of physical and mental well-being?

Improving physical health positively affects mental well-being. Signup and view all the answers

Adding a third phosphate group to the second phosphate group transforms the molecule into:

Adenosine Triphosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for taking a sample of suspicious cells from a mass?

Needle Biopsy Signup and view all the answers

What does dysplasia refer to in the context of examining cells?

Degree of abnormality in cell appearance Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of cancer involves localized tumors that have not spread to nearby lymph nodes or tissues?

Stage 0 Carcinoma In Situ Signup and view all the answers

What are the chemicals used by neurons for communication known as?

Neurotransmitters Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter deficit is associated with depression?

Serotonin in Amygdala Signup and view all the answers

What can an excess of adrenaline in the Cerebral Cortex lead to?

Schizophrenia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a disease transmitted from one person to another?

Epidemic disease Signup and view all the answers

Which term denotes an infectious disease spread over a large region?

Communicable disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective evidence of a disease that can be observed by others?

Sign Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for subjective evidence of disease that only the patient can feel and report?

Symptom Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a disease caused by hospitalization or acquired at clinical institutions?

Nosocomial infection Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of disease prevention involves choosing a lifestyle that reduces risks of acquiring diseases?

Primary Disease Prevention Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Adenine and Energy

Adenine, attached to Ribose, forms Adenosine
Adenosine with 1 Phosphate group is Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP)
Adenosine with 2 Phosphate groups is Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)
Adenosine with 3 Phosphate groups is Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
ATP has a high-energy bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups, which releases energy when broken
Energy from ATP can be used for:
- Creating new bonds and molecules
- Mechanical energy (transporting substances, moving muscle proteins)
- Electrical energy (nerve cells passing electrical impulses)
- Heat energy

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a pyramid showing the order of needs fulfillment
Lower levels of needs must be met before addressing higher levels
The hierarchy consists of:
- Physiological needs (air, water, food, sleep)
- Safety needs (security, protection from harm)
- Love and belonging needs (socializing, forming friendships)
- Esteem needs (respect, self-esteem)
- Self-actualization needs (creativity, intimacy, self-acceptance)
Healthcare professionals prioritize patient needs according to this hierarchy

Cancer and Biopsy

Cancer cells can metastasize to other organs and tissues
Stages of cancer are:
- Stage 0: Carcinoma In Situ (early form)
- Stage I: Localized
- Stage II: Early Locally Advanced
- Stage III: Late Locally Advanced
- Stage IV: Metastasized
A Needle Biopsy is used to examine suspicious cells
Cells can be classified as normal, low-grade dysplasia, moderate-grade dysplasia, or high-grade dysplasia

Psychiatric Disorders and Neurotransmitters

Psychiatric disorders are caused by chemical imbalances in the brain
Neurotransmitters are chemicals used by neurons for communication
Different neurotransmitters produce different effects
Examples of disorders:
- Schizophrenia (excess adrenaline in Cerebral Cortex)
- Depression (deficit of serotonin in Amygdala)
- ADD (deficit of Adrenaline in RAS)

Disease Terminology

Iatrogenic: disease caused by adverse effects of treatment
Communicable disease: transmitted from one person to another
Epidemic: many people acquiring a certain disease at the same time
Pandemic: infectious disease spread over a large region
Nosocomial infections: caused by hospitalization or acquired at clinical institutions
Sign: objective evidence of disease (can be observed by others)
Symptom: subjective evidence of disease (reported by the patient)

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Description

Learn about the significance of different forms of Adenine molecules - AMP, ADP, and ATP - in biological processes. Understand how these molecules are essential for energy transfer and various cellular functions.