Biology: DNA Structure and Function
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Questions and Answers

Which nitrogenous base always pairs with adenine in DNA?

  • Thymine (correct)
  • Cytosine
  • Guanine
  • Uracil

    • What is the shape of a DNA molecule commonly referred to as?

  • Double helix (correct)
  • Triple helix
  • Z-shaped
  • Single strand

    • Which component of a DNA nucleotide serves to store hereditary information?

  • Hydrogen bond
  • Nitrogenous base (correct)
  • Deoxyribose sugar
  • Phosphate group

    • What type of DNA is known for not coding for any proteins?

    <p>Non-coding DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous base pairs with cytosine in DNA?

    <p>Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a main function of DNA?

    <p>Controlling cell functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure do DNA strands wind around to form chromatin?

    <p>Histones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are short sections of DNA that code for specific traits called?

    <p>Genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary shape of DNA?

    <p>Double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were the key figures in proposing the double helix model of DNA?

    <p>Rosalind Franklin and James Watson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is most DNA located within a cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component is NOT part of the structure of DNA?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of DNA is found in the mitochondria?

    <p>Mitochondrial DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Watson and Crick receive the Nobel Prize?

    <p>For discovering the structure of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of weak hydrogen bonds in DNA?

    <p>To stabilize the double helix structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about extra-nuclear DNA?

    <p>It exists in both chloroplasts and mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the nucleus is involved in producing ribosomes?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of a nucleotide?

    <p>Amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous bases are found in DNA?

    <p>Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the chromatin network contain?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the nuclear membrane?

    <p>To enclose the nucleus and allow substance passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nucleic acid carries the genetic code for protein synthesis?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about mitochondrial DNA?

    <p>It is extra-nuclear DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

    <p>To form the basis of all life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

    <p>Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mRNA?

    <p>To carry genetic code from DNA to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of RNA is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome?

    <p>tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is ribosomal RNA (rRNA) primarily located?

    <p>In the ribosomes of the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure do RNA nucleotides form?

    <p>Single-stranded chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sugar is found in RNA?

    <p>Ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of RNA is involved in the formation of ribosomes?

    <p>rRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous bases do DNA and RNA have in common?

    <p>Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>It transports amino acids to the mRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes a mutation's effect on protein structure?

    <p>It can change the sequence of amino acids in a protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the transcription phase of protein synthesis, what is formed?

    <p>mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between codons and anti-codons?

    <p>Codons are on mRNA, anti-codons are on tRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the amino acid sequence if the same amino acid is coded for after a mutation?

    <p>There is no change to the protein structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first stage of protein synthesis?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the type of protein that is formed?

    <p>The number and sequence of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are three consecutive nitrogenous bases on mRNA called?

    <p>Codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond links amino acids together in proteins?

    <p>Peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different amino acids are there?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reason DNA profiling may be challenged?

    <p>DNA can degrade over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an application of DNA profiling other than crime solving?

    <p>Paternity testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

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