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Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements is true about the metabolic syndrome?
Which of the following statements is true about the metabolic syndrome?
What is another name for the metabolic syndrome?
What is another name for the metabolic syndrome?
Which of the following is true about the diagnosis and classification of the metabolic syndrome?
Which of the following is true about the diagnosis and classification of the metabolic syndrome?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of metabolic syndrome?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of metabolic syndrome?
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Which of the following is a potential consequence of metabolic syndrome?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of metabolic syndrome?
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Which of the following is true about normal-weight obesity?
Which of the following is true about normal-weight obesity?
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What is the recommended approach for diagnosing metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents?
What is the recommended approach for diagnosing metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents?
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Which of the following is a risk factor for insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension?
Which of the following is a risk factor for insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension?
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What is the role of insulin resistance in the development of the metabolic syndrome?
What is the role of insulin resistance in the development of the metabolic syndrome?
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What is the effect of sedentary behavior on mitochondrial function?
What is the effect of sedentary behavior on mitochondrial function?
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What are the consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction?
What are the consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction?
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Which two inflammatory cytokines are positively associated with triglycerides and total cholesterol, and inversely associated with HDLc?
Which two inflammatory cytokines are positively associated with triglycerides and total cholesterol, and inversely associated with HDLc?
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What is a robust predictor of various features in the metabolic syndrome and is known to be associated with ASCVD?
What is a robust predictor of various features in the metabolic syndrome and is known to be associated with ASCVD?
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Which two markers of thrombosis are linked to insulin resistance and abdominal obesity?
Which two markers of thrombosis are linked to insulin resistance and abdominal obesity?
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Which clinical outcomes are associated with the metabolic syndrome?
Which clinical outcomes are associated with the metabolic syndrome?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of cardiorespiratory exercise?
Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of cardiorespiratory exercise?
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What is the main focus of resistance exercise according to the ACSM position stand?
What is the main focus of resistance exercise according to the ACSM position stand?
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Which risk factor is NOT required for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome?
Which risk factor is NOT required for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome?
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What is the association between adiposity and muscle function among non-obese individuals?
What is the association between adiposity and muscle function among non-obese individuals?
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According to the ACSM, what is the recommended duration of cardiorespiratory exercise per week for optimal health and fitness improvements?
According to the ACSM, what is the recommended duration of cardiorespiratory exercise per week for optimal health and fitness improvements?
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What is the recommended intensity range for cardiorespiratory exercise training for individuals with metabolic syndrome, according to the ACSM?
What is the recommended intensity range for cardiorespiratory exercise training for individuals with metabolic syndrome, according to the ACSM?
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How many non-consecutive days per week does the ACSM recommend performing resistance exercise training for individuals with metabolic syndrome?
How many non-consecutive days per week does the ACSM recommend performing resistance exercise training for individuals with metabolic syndrome?
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What is the recommended intensity level for resistance exercise training for individuals with metabolic syndrome, according to the ACSM?
What is the recommended intensity level for resistance exercise training for individuals with metabolic syndrome, according to the ACSM?
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Study Notes
Metabolic Syndrome
- Also known as Insulin Resistance Syndrome or Syndrome X
- Characterized by a cluster of interconnected factors that increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Diagnosis and Classification
- Defined by the presence of three or more of the following: elevated waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, reduced HDL-C, elevated blood pressure, and elevated fasting glucose
- Diagnosis in children and adolescents: emphasize family history, BMI, and results of glucose and lipid profiles
Characteristics
- Key characteristic: insulin resistance, which leads to gluconeogenesis, glucose intolerance, and hyperinsulinemia
- Often associated with normal-weight obesity, which is characterized by high levels of body fat despite a normal body mass index (BMI)
Consequences
- Increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer
- Can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which impairs glucose metabolism and promotes inflammation
Risk Factors
- Insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension
- Sedentary behavior, which negatively affects mitochondrial function
- Adiposity, which is inversely associated with muscle function among non-obese individuals
Inflammation and Thrombosis
- Two inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α, are positively associated with triglycerides and total cholesterol, and inversely associated with HDL-C
- Two markers of thrombosis, PAI-1 and tPA, are linked to insulin resistance and abdominal obesity
Exercise and Management
- Cardiorespiratory exercise: recommended duration per week is 150 minutes at moderate intensity or 75 minutes at vigorous intensity
- Resistance exercise: recommended frequency is 2-3 non-consecutive days per week, with an intensity range of 2-3 sets of 8-12 repetitions
- Main focus of resistance exercise is to improve muscle function and insulin sensitivity
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Description
Test your knowledge on the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) in proinflammatory and prothrombotic characteristics. Explore how MCP-1 interacts with adipose tissue macrophages and inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-a, and their associations with triglycerides, cholesterol, HDLc, insulin signaling, and cellular oxidative stress.
