Stress, Immune Function, and Disease Quiz

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What is the likely reason for the increased risk of infection in older adults due to fat loss and thinning of the skin?

Impaired function of innate immune cells (phagocytes)

Loss of natural barriers (correct)

Decreased T cell activity

Impaired inflammation from chronic illness

What is the primary reason for the decrease in circulating memory B cells in older adults?

Decreased antibody response to antigens

Increase in circulating antigen-antibody complexes

Impaired function of innate immune cells (phagocytes)

Thymic hormone production drops (correct)

What contributes to the neonate's susceptibility to overwhelming sepsis?

Sufficient IgM but deficient IgG, IgA responses

Maternal antibodies providing protection

Deficient oxidative and bacterial responses (correct)

Transiently depressed immune function

What is the primary function of antibodies in the immune system?

Recognize and neutralize foreign antigens Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the adrenal gland cortex to release cortisol during the stress response?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of prolonged stress on wound healing and susceptibility to infection?

Poor wound healing and increased susceptibility to infection Signup and view all the answers

What psychological response may lead to post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or phobias?

Conditional response Signup and view all the answers

What diseases are associated with stress-related exacerbation or progression?

Autoimmune diseases and HIV progression Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of immature to mature neutrophils in 'left shift' leukocytosis?

Increased ratio of immature to mature neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

What are acute-phase reactants mostly produced by?

Liver cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of chronic inflammation?

Persistence of many processes of acute inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What type of exudate indicates more advanced inflammation?

Fibrinous exudate Signup and view all the answers

What does the formation of a granuloma indicate?

Persistence of acute inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the process of liquefaction necrosis?

Decay of cells and breakdown of cellular debris Signup and view all the answers

What do hemorrhagic exudate indicate?

Bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What causes fever in acute inflammation?

Exogenous pyrogens acting on the hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is the possible link among stress, immune function, and disease?

Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic manifestation of H2 receptors?

Increases gastric secretions Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the upper airway causing rhinitis and conjunctivitis in response to inhaled allergens?

Type I, IgE-mediated hypersensitivity response Signup and view all the answers

What leads to acute type I allergic reaction causing sudden urticaria and respiratory distress?

Systemic or localized exposure to antigens Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody is activated on basophils with promotion of mediator release?

IgE Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are destroyed by antibodies and complement in type II tissue-specific reactions?

Target cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of neutrophils in type II tissue-specific reactions?

Release of granules Signup and view all the answers

What causes target cell malfunction in type II tissue-specific reactions?

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Rheumatic Heart Disease?

Leaflet thickening and commissural fusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the Jones criteria used for?

Diagnosing Rheumatic fever Signup and view all the answers

Which immune process results in damage from complement activation and neutrophil lysosomal enzymes?

Type III Immune Complex Disease Signup and view all the answers

Which type of allergy is characterized by an exaggerated response to an environmental antigen?

Type I allergy Signup and view all the answers

What is the main control mechanism for type I allergic responses?

Blocking with antihistamines Signup and view all the answers

In immune complex diseases, what size of immune complexes are deposited in tissues causing problems?

Intermediate - Deposited in tissues Signup and view all the answers

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with?

Type III Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of UV radiation in systemic lupus erythematosus?

It triggers the onset of SLE in genetically susceptible individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which group has a higher prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus?

Blacks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Type II hypersensitivity reaction?

Antibody-mediated destruction of host cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn?

Rh-negative mother giving birth to a Rh-negative infant Signup and view all the answers

What triggers transient neonatal alloimmunity?

Fetus expressing parental antigens not found in the mother Signup and view all the answers

Which blood type is considered a universal recipient?

AB Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of North American white individuals are Rh-negative?

~15% Signup and view all the answers