30 Questions
What is the function of the glomerulus in the nephron?
Creating urine
Which factor does not affect urine color?
Presence of leukocytes
What do ketones in urine indicate?
Fat utilization for energy
What does oliguria refer to?
Little urine production due to renal disease
What is the role of the urethra in the urinary system?
Transporting urine from the bladder to outside the body
How does specific gravity relate to urine composition?
It measures the amount of solutes in the urine
What is the active form of vitamin D?
Calcitriol
Which hormone helps in increasing erythrocyte production?
EPO
What can happen if there is inadequate vitamin D?
Osteoporosis
How do the kidneys help regulate blood pressure?
By secreting aldosterone
What is the primary function of EPO?
Increasing erythrocyte production
What is the medical term for urination?
Micturition
Why do women experience higher rates of UTIs compared to men?
Due to the shorter urethra length in women
Which structure regulates the release of renin to influence blood volume in the kidney?
Juxtaglomerular cells
What happens if osmolarity is low in the kidney cells?
They relax to remove more water in the urine
What is the function of ADH in the kidney?
Causes aquaporin channel proteins to pull water back for reabsorption
What is glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Amount of filtrate produced per minute
What causes smooth muscle contraction and relaxation in blood vessels?
Alterations in blood pressure
What is obliged to follow sodium according to the provided text?
Water molecules
What happens if a person is overhydrated regarding ADH secretion?
ADH secretion decreases, leading to more water excretion
What is the function of the Loop of Henle in the nephron?
Reabsorb water and some sodium
Which hormone increases the number of calcium channels in the DCT?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What does the myogenic mechanism relate to in kidney function?
Blood pressure control
What is the primary function of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) in the kidney?
Reabsorb water
What is the role of natriuretic hormones in kidney function?
Inhibit aldosterone and promote sodium excretion
Which hormone influences higher calcium levels in the blood?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What happens when aldosterone is released due to increased potassium levels?
Increased potassium and sodium levels in urine
What is the primary function of endothelins in the kidneys?
Induce vasoconstriction
What reflects blood volume and is measured in the aorta and carotid sinuses?
Blood pressure
What is turned into urea in the liver for removal from the body?
Nitrogen waste
Explore the role of the glomerulus as the initial part of the nephron in the kidney, the filtration process, factors affecting urine, urinalysis, and urine composition. Discover how different factors like water intake, exercise, and food can influence urine properties.
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