31 Questions
What is the primary function of the glomerulus?
To filter waste from the blood
Which factor can affect the color of urine?
All of the above
What is the normal range for the specific gravity of urine?
1.0 - 1.3
What is the term for the overproduction of urine?
Polyuria
Which of the following can cause an increase in urine pH?
All of the above
What is the primary role of the urethra?
To transport urine from the bladder to outside the body
What is the primary function of vitamin D in the body?
To regulate calcium in the blood
Which of the following best describes the role of the kidneys in regulating blood pressure?
The kidneys produce ADH, renin, and aldosterone to directly control blood pressure.
What is the relationship between the kidneys and hematopoiesis (red blood cell production)?
The kidneys produce erythropoietin (EPO), which increases red blood cell production.
How do the kidneys regulate the body's electrolyte balance?
The kidneys recover and reabsorb electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium.
What is the role of the kidneys in regulating the body's pH levels?
The kidneys filter out excess hydrogen ions to maintain proper blood pH.
What is the primary function of the ureters?
To propel urine into the bladder
Which of the following is NOT a function of the nephrons?
Regulation of blood pressure
What is the medical term for urination?
Micturition
Which of the following structures is responsible for regulating the release of renin?
Macula densa
What is the primary function of the aquaporin channel proteins?
To facilitate the reabsorption of water
Which of the following structures is responsible for collecting urine from the nephrons?
Collecting ducts
What is the primary function of the fenestrated capillaries in the nephrons?
To prevent large objects like cells and proteins from passing into the nephrons
Which of the following structures is responsible for regulating the amount of water reabsorbed in the nephrons?
Collecting ducts
What is the primary function of the basement membrane in the nephrons?
To keep medium-sized objects from passing through
Which of the following statements about glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is correct?
GFR is the amount of filtrate produced per minute
What is the primary mechanism by which solutes are transported along with sodium across the cell membrane?
Symport mechanism
Which part of the nephron is responsible for recovering a significant amount of water and some sodium?
Loop of Henle
What is the primary function of urea in the nephron?
Rid the body of nitrogen
What is the primary mechanism by which the ascending Loop of Henle moves sodium and potassium?
Sodium-potassium pumps
What is the primary function of the exchange of ammonia and bicarbonate in the nephron?
Maintain pH balance
What hormone is responsible for increasing the number of sodium pumps in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?
Aldosterone
What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?
Increase calcium reabsorption
What is the primary function of calcitriol in the nephron?
Enhance calcium recovery
What is the primary role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the collecting ducts?
Control water reabsorption
What is the primary function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the kidneys?
Control blood pressure and blood flow
This quiz covers the structure and function of the glomerulus in the nephron, as well as factors affecting urine production and composition. Topics include urinalysis, protein levels, color changes, odor variations, and implications for individuals with diabetes.
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