Nephron Structure and Urine Analysis

What is the primary function of the glomerulus?

To produce urine
To filter waste from the blood (correct)
To store urine before excretion
To reabsorb water and nutrients

Which factor can affect the color of urine?

Exercise
Nutrient intake
Bile obstruction
All of the above (correct)

What is the normal range for the specific gravity of urine?

1.5 - 2.0
1.3 - 1.5
1.0 - 1.3 (correct)
0.8 - 1.0

What is the term for the overproduction of urine?

Polyuria (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can cause an increase in urine pH?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the urethra?

To transport urine from the bladder to outside the body (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin D in the body?

To regulate calcium in the blood (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of the kidneys in regulating blood pressure?

The kidneys produce ADH, renin, and aldosterone to directly control blood pressure. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the kidneys and hematopoiesis (red blood cell production)?

The kidneys produce erythropoietin (EPO), which increases red blood cell production. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do the kidneys regulate the body's electrolyte balance?

The kidneys recover and reabsorb electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the kidneys in regulating the body's pH levels?

The kidneys filter out excess hydrogen ions to maintain proper blood pH. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ureters?

To propel urine into the bladder (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nephrons?

Regulation of blood pressure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for urination?

Micturition (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is responsible for regulating the release of renin?

Macula densa (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the aquaporin channel proteins?

To facilitate the reabsorption of water (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is responsible for collecting urine from the nephrons?

Collecting ducts (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the fenestrated capillaries in the nephrons?

To prevent large objects like cells and proteins from passing into the nephrons (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is responsible for regulating the amount of water reabsorbed in the nephrons?

Collecting ducts (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the basement membrane in the nephrons?

To keep medium-sized objects from passing through (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is correct?

GFR is the amount of filtrate produced per minute (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which solutes are transported along with sodium across the cell membrane?

Symport mechanism (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron is responsible for recovering a significant amount of water and some sodium?

Loop of Henle (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of urea in the nephron?

Rid the body of nitrogen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the ascending Loop of Henle moves sodium and potassium?

Sodium-potassium pumps (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the exchange of ammonia and bicarbonate in the nephron?

Maintain pH balance (A) Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for increasing the number of sodium pumps in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?

Aldosterone (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?

Increase calcium reabsorption (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of calcitriol in the nephron?

Enhance calcium recovery (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the collecting ducts?

Control water reabsorption (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the kidneys?

Control blood pressure and blood flow (C) Signup and view all the answers