Understanding the Differences Between Overt and Covert Attention

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Which type of attention involves eye gaze matching focus of attention?

Overt attention (correct)
Selective attention
Covert attention
Divided attention

How did participants in the Posner et al. (1980) study maintain their focus of attention?

They looked for cues within the visual field.
They were instructed to follow the movement of a visual target.
They moved their eyes to match their focus of attention.
They kept their eyes focused on a fixation cross without moving them. (correct)

What was the effect of a valid cue on participants' reaction times (RTs) in the Posner et al. (1980) study?

RTs were faster than when no cue was given. (correct)
RTs were slower than when no cue was given.
RTs were unaffected by the cue.
RTs became unpredictable and varied widely.

What is the reason for cued targets having a disadvantage after 300ms, as mentioned in the content?

c. Cued targets have a disadvantage because your attention does want to go back to somewhere a target didn't appear (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Posner et al. (1980) study, what was the consequence of an invalid cue on participants' reaction times (RTs)?

c. It led to slower reaction times compared to when no cue was given. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of attention, what happens when the cue-target gap is "0ms"?

b. No advantage, as it's insufficient time to shift attention (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what is the effect of cueing within the "100 - 150ms" window?

c. Peak attention cueing (facilitation) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary characteristic of covert attention?

d. Your eye gaze doesn't match your focus of attention. (C) Signup and view all the answers

When does the 'Inhibition of return' phenomenon typically occur according to the provided content?

c. After 300 - 500ms cue-target gap (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of visual search is described as 'quick, effortless,' and is not affected by the number of distractors in the display?

b. Parallel (feature) search (A) Signup and view all the answers

What best describes a 'Serial (conjunction) search'?

c. It is slow and effortful. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In a serial (conjunction) search, what happens to the reaction time as the number of features to be detected increases?

d. The reaction time gets longer with each additional feature. (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Feature Integration Theory, what is the primary challenge it aims to address when it comes to perceiving objects with different features?

Tackling the issue of how features of an object are bound together (The binding problem) (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the Feature Integration Theory address the binding problem when combining different features of an object?

By first extracting individual features and then combining them in separate stages (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Feature Integration Theory, what occurs during the 'Pre-attentive stage' of processing?

Features are processed independently and in parallel across the entire visual scene (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Feature Integration Theory, what is the purpose of the 'Focused Attention Stage'?

Combining features into a whole object (A) Signup and view all the answers

What types of maps are created based on the information obtained from the two stages in the Feature Integration Theory?

Feature maps and master maps of locations (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Feature Integration Theory, what is the primary function of a master map of locations?

It integrates all features together (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is typically contained in a feature map according to the Feature Integration Theory?

Maps of individual features such as color or orientation maps (B) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during a conjunction search in the context of Feature Integration Theory?

Multiple feature maps are combined into a master map which are effortfully scanned (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes feature maps in the Feature Integration Theory?

They involve quick and effortless searching for one feature (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is supported by the evidence for Feature Integration Theory in the context of single features?

Single features can pop out from distractors. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do conjunction searches support the Feature Integration Theory?

They show that searching for single features is time-consuming. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What evidence does not support the Feature Integration Theory?

Target conjunctions of three features are easier than two features. (C) Signup and view all the answers