Understanding Stress Factors

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Questions and Answers

Which physiological function is affected by chronic stress according to the text?

  • Promotes bone formation
  • Enhances connective tissue proliferation
  • Increases gastric secretion (correct)
  • Maintains normal blood pressure

How does chronic stress influence muscle function?

  • Promotes fibroblast proliferation
  • Enhances contractility and work output
  • Has no effect on muscle function
  • Decreases maximal work output (correct)

How does childhood adversity impact the risk of developing chronic diseases?

  • Decreases the risk of somatic disorders
  • Increases the risk of respiratory diseases and arthritis
  • Has no impact on chronic disease development
  • Increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (correct)

What is the role of cortisol in protein metabolism according to the text?

<p>It increases the rate of synthesis of proteins in the liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the diurnal cortisol slope affected by inconsistent parental discipline?

<p>Results in a flatter diurnal cortisol slope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does chronic stress affect central nervous system function?

<p>Modulates perceptual and emotional functioning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does stress play in cancer progression according to the text?

<p>Contributes to tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does chronic stress potentially influence tumor progression according to the text?

<p>Affects onset or course of neoplastic diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does stress affect antiviral responses in relation to cancer?

<p>Impairs antiviral responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential impact of early stressful life events on immune system dysregulation?

<p>May lead to immune system dysregulation in vulnerable children (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term did Walter B. Cannon use to encompass both physiologic and psychologic ideas as early as 1914?

<p>Stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stress is thought to be immunoenhancing (protective) according to most researchers?

<p>Acute stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the individual's adaptive capacity to cope with stress is exceeded?

<p>Negative affective and health-related disease states (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiologic response occurs when the brain perceives a stimulus as stressful?

<p>Activation of adaptational and survival-related responses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of chronic, unrelenting stress according to current understanding?

<p>Immunosuppressive effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does chronic stress influence breast cancer bone metastases according to the study?

<p>By increasing the levels of RANKL expressed by osteoblasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancer may show more successful stress-related mechanisms when examining impairments in antiviral immunity and chronic hormonal responses?

<p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the relationship between stress and cardiovascular health mediated, according to the text?

<p>Via stress-induced changes in immune function leading to proinflammatory processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do monocytes and splenic macrophages contribute to secondary heart attacks after an initial myocardial infarction?

<p>By invading atherosclerotic plaques rendering them unstable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of stress has been linked to a chronic syndrome with mental and physical consequences?

<p>Severe psychosocial stress resulting from negative life events (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Protestant philosophy originating in the sixteenth century that views idleness as taboo?

<p>Work Ethic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for activating the 'fight or flight' response during stress?

<p>Sympathetic Nervous System (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chronic stress can lead to the development of so-called ______ disorders.

<p>Autoimmune (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aside from financial problems, which of the following is NOT listed as a well-identified stressor in modern society?

<p>Regular exercise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the cultural pressure to remain connected despite various life events?

<p>Continuous Availability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mediates the psychologic and physiologic response to stress?

<p>Perception, appraisal, and coping efficacy of the affected individual (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did a meta-analysis find stress perception to be related to immunity?

<p>Not associated with levels of circulating Th or Tc lymphocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is predictive of psychologic and physical health outcomes?

<p>Chronic stress perception (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are highly threatening stressors primarily coupled?

<p>To intense cognition rumination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was found by a recent study regarding individuals who perceived higher levels of stress?

<p>They had increased risk of requiring hospitalization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between stress-induced proinflammatory cytokines and serotonin synthesis or degradation?

<p>They reduce serotonin synthesis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does oxidative stress contribute to the risk of depression according to the text?

<p>It accelerates cellular aging. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do glucocorticoids and catecholamines play in relation to oxidative stress and depression development?

<p>They promote oxidation, inflammation, and telomere shortening. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does chronic stress influence telomere shortening in the context of aging?

<p>It accelerates telomere shortening. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the influence of repetitive episodic stress on cancer survivors?

<p>Events like mammography can activate the HPA axis in cancer survivors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is toxic exposure to glucocorticoids and catecholamines linked to mental health disorders?

<p>It is linked to depression, bipolar, and anxiety disorders. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do stress-induced proinflammatory cytokines contribute to alterations in mood according to the text?

<p>They reduce serotonin synthesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does chronic stress have on oxidative stress and subsequent disease risks?

<p>Chronic stress increases oxidative stress levels and disease risks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the HPA axis activated in cancer survivors related to stressful events?

<p>The activation is triggered by events like mammography in cancer survivors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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