39 Questions
Which physiological function is affected by chronic stress according to the text?
Increases gastric secretion
How does chronic stress influence muscle function?
Decreases maximal work output
How does childhood adversity impact the risk of developing chronic diseases?
Increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
What is the role of cortisol in protein metabolism according to the text?
It increases the rate of synthesis of proteins in the liver
How is the diurnal cortisol slope affected by inconsistent parental discipline?
Results in a flatter diurnal cortisol slope
How does chronic stress affect central nervous system function?
Modulates perceptual and emotional functioning
What role does stress play in cancer progression according to the text?
Contributes to tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis
In what way does chronic stress potentially influence tumor progression according to the text?
Affects onset or course of neoplastic diseases
How does stress affect antiviral responses in relation to cancer?
Impairs antiviral responses
What is the potential impact of early stressful life events on immune system dysregulation?
May lead to immune system dysregulation in vulnerable children
What term did Walter B. Cannon use to encompass both physiologic and psychologic ideas as early as 1914?
Stress
Which type of stress is thought to be immunoenhancing (protective) according to most researchers?
Acute stress
What happens when the individual's adaptive capacity to cope with stress is exceeded?
Negative affective and health-related disease states
What physiologic response occurs when the brain perceives a stimulus as stressful?
Activation of adaptational and survival-related responses
What is the consequence of chronic, unrelenting stress according to current understanding?
Immunosuppressive effects
How does chronic stress influence breast cancer bone metastases according to the study?
By increasing the levels of RANKL expressed by osteoblasts
What type of cancer may show more successful stress-related mechanisms when examining impairments in antiviral immunity and chronic hormonal responses?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
How is the relationship between stress and cardiovascular health mediated, according to the text?
Via stress-induced changes in immune function leading to proinflammatory processes
In what way do monocytes and splenic macrophages contribute to secondary heart attacks after an initial myocardial infarction?
By invading atherosclerotic plaques rendering them unstable
What type of stress has been linked to a chronic syndrome with mental and physical consequences?
Severe psychosocial stress resulting from negative life events
What is the Protestant philosophy originating in the sixteenth century that views idleness as taboo?
Work Ethic
Which system is responsible for activating the 'fight or flight' response during stress?
Sympathetic Nervous System
Chronic stress can lead to the development of so-called ______ disorders.
Autoimmune
Aside from financial problems, which of the following is NOT listed as a well-identified stressor in modern society?
Regular exercise
What is the term used to describe the cultural pressure to remain connected despite various life events?
Continuous Availability
What mediates the psychologic and physiologic response to stress?
Perception, appraisal, and coping efficacy of the affected individual
How did a meta-analysis find stress perception to be related to immunity?
Not associated with levels of circulating Th or Tc lymphocytes
What aspect is predictive of psychologic and physical health outcomes?
Chronic stress perception
How are highly threatening stressors primarily coupled?
To intense cognition rumination
What was found by a recent study regarding individuals who perceived higher levels of stress?
They had increased risk of requiring hospitalization
What is the relationship between stress-induced proinflammatory cytokines and serotonin synthesis or degradation?
They reduce serotonin synthesis.
How does oxidative stress contribute to the risk of depression according to the text?
It accelerates cellular aging.
What role do glucocorticoids and catecholamines play in relation to oxidative stress and depression development?
They promote oxidation, inflammation, and telomere shortening.
How does chronic stress influence telomere shortening in the context of aging?
It accelerates telomere shortening.
Which statement is true regarding the influence of repetitive episodic stress on cancer survivors?
Events like mammography can activate the HPA axis in cancer survivors.
How is toxic exposure to glucocorticoids and catecholamines linked to mental health disorders?
It is linked to depression, bipolar, and anxiety disorders.
How do stress-induced proinflammatory cytokines contribute to alterations in mood according to the text?
They reduce serotonin synthesis.
What effect does chronic stress have on oxidative stress and subsequent disease risks?
Chronic stress increases oxidative stress levels and disease risks.
How is the HPA axis activated in cancer survivors related to stressful events?
The activation is triggered by events like mammography in cancer survivors.
Explore the complex nature of stress and how individuals perceive and respond to different stressors. Learn how stress is influenced by various factors such as perception, appraisal, coping efficacy, and the nature of the stressor.
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