Questions and Answers
What do Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) primarily influence?
Which of the following is NOT considered a domain of Social Determinants of Health?
What percentage of individual health is attributed to socioeconomic factors according to the provided information?
How do structural determinants relate to Social Determinants of Health?
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What is an example of a Social Determinant of Health that can affect community health outcomes?
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Which of the following factors is NOT considered a macro-level factor impacting large populations?
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What is one significant health disparity faced by race/ethnic minorities during the COVID-19 pandemic?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 A's of health care access?
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What role do social and community contexts play in health outcomes?
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According to W.E.B. Du Bois, which of the following factors was identified as a chief cause of excessive death rates in black Philadelphia residents?
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Study Notes
Social Determinants of Health (SDoH)
- Conditions in environments influence health outcomes, functioning, and quality of life.
- Poor access to grocery stores correlates with higher diabetes and hypertension rates, affecting life expectancy.
- Disparities in SDoH can lead to increased risk for negative health outcomes.
Examples of SDoH
- Transportation: Accessibility affects seeking medical services.
- Education: Quality of education impacts health literacy and future opportunities.
- Health Services: Availability and quality influence preventative care and treatment.
- Neighborhood Environment: Safety and facilities determine lifestyle choices.
- Social Support: Community integration fosters mental and emotional well-being.
- Cultural Factors: Language barriers and cultural practices can impact health behaviors.
- Policy Influence: Legislation affects healthcare access and environmental regulations.
- Socioeconomic Status (SES): Income, job stability, and wealth significantly shape health outcomes.
- Racism and Ageism: Discrimination leads to unequal health opportunities and experiences.
Domains of SDoH
- Education Access and Quality
- Health Care Access and Quality
- Neighborhood and Built Environment
- Social and Community Context
- Economic Stability
Role of SDoH in Health
- Socioeconomic factors account for 40% of health outcomes.
- Health behaviors contribute to 30% of health outcomes.
- Access to healthcare is responsible for 20% of health outcomes.
- Physical environment influences 10% of health outcomes.
Structural Determinants and SDoH
- Structural determinants shape SDoH, which then impact health outcomes.
- They include social, economic, and political mechanisms influencing class inequalities.
- Examples include government health and education subsidies and pollution control policies.
- Historical laws (e.g., Jim Crow) have significantly affected health outcomes, especially in minority communities.
Vulnerable Populations
- Groups that are particularly affected by SDoH include:
- Race/Ethnic Minorities
- Elderly individuals
- Persons with disabilities
- LGBTQ+ community
- Gender minorities
- Rural and urban residents
SDoH and COVID-19
- Disadvantaged populations experienced increased susceptibility to COVID-19 due to structural inequalities.
- Contributing factors:
- Higher poverty rates limit resources.
- Crowded living conditions hinder social distancing.
- Low-paid workers lack remote work options, increasing exposure.
- Essential workers face poor job safety and protections.
- Barriers in public health communication exacerbate challenges.
- Limited access to affordable healthcare and vaccination.
Health Disparities Related to COVID-19
- Increased illness, hospitalizations, and deaths reported in:
- Race/Ethnic minorities
- The elderly
- Disabled individuals
Historical Context of SDoH
- W.E.B. Du Bois highlighted the role of SDoH in health outcomes in 1899, noting disparities in Philadelphia's Black community.
- His research linked poor health to systemic racial inequalities—issues resurfaced during the COVID-19 pandemic.
SDoH: Education Access and Quality
- Early childhood education impacts long-term health outcomes.
- Higher education enrollment and graduation rates are critical for future health literacy.
- Language and literacy skills influence health communication and access.
Healthcare Access
- The 5 A’s of access:
- Affordability: Insurance coverage and costs affect access.
- Acceptability: Trust in healthcare providers is essential for utilization.
- Accommodation: Flexible services (e.g., refills, operating hours) improve access.
- Accessibility: Geographical barriers (e.g., pharmacy deserts) limit care.
- Availability: Access to specialists and adequate health technology is crucial.
SDoH: Health Care Access and Quality
- Approximately 10% of Americans are uninsured, hindering access to primary care.
- Uninsured individuals often lack a primary care provider, complicating preventative care.
- Health literacy is critical; barriers prevent screenings and illness detection.
SDoH: Social and Community Context
- Community engagement strengthens support systems that impact health.
- Discrimination and incarceration influence mental health and societal integration.
- A strong social support network can enhance health outcomes.
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Description
This quiz explores the Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) and their significant impact on health outcomes and quality of life. It delves into how environmental conditions influence health disparities and well-being in various communities. Test your knowledge on how factors like access to healthy food and healthcare affect overall health.
