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Questions and Answers
What is a key factor that influences self-esteem according to self-discrepancy theory?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of self-affirmations?
What emotional states are associated with large self-discrepancies?
What aspect differentiates a privately self-conscious person from a publicly self-conscious person?
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How does self-regulation fatigue relate to self-control?
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What is implicit egotism as per self-enhancement theory?
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Which of the following statements best represents the process of self-awareness according to self-awareness theory?
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Which statement accurately reflects the impact of focusing on self-discrepancies?
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What is the origin of the term 'self-esteem'?
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Which theory explains the relationship between self-esteem and social acceptance?
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How does a positive self-image typically affect a person's outlook on life?
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What does Self-Discrepancy Theory focus on?
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What outcomes may result from having a negative self-image?
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According to Terror Management Theory, why do people create cultural worldviews?
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What is a key function of the sociometer mentioned in Sociometer Theory?
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What main effect does satisfying the need for self-esteem have on an individual?
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Study Notes
Self-Esteem
- Defined as the emotional component of self, composed of positive and negative self-evaluations.
- Influenced by culture.
- Plays a significant role in influencing behavior.
- Low and high self-esteem impacts how individuals deal with threats to their self.
The Need to Enhance Self-Esteem
- A fundamental need for humans due to our social nature.
- Driven by the desire for social connection and approval.
- Serves as a mechanism to avoid social rejection and maintain acceptance.
- A positive self-image correlates with happiness, health, productivity, and success.
- A negative self-image is linked to depression, pessimism, and failure.
Sociometer Theory
- Presents a mechanism in humans to detect acceptance and rejection from others.
- This mechanism translates these perceptions into high and low self-esteem.
- Acceptance results in high self-esteem.
Terror Management Theory
- Human's fear of death motivates the development of cultural worldviews to preserve self-esteem.
- People engage in self-protective responses to manage mortality anxieties.
- Examples include religious beliefs, societal contributions, and legacies.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
- Based on the mismatch between our actual self, ideal self, and ought self.
- Discrepancies between these self-guides affect emotional well-being and self-esteem.
- Larger discrepancies are associated with negative emotional states like disappointment, depression, shame, and guilt.
Self-Esteem: External and Internal Locus of Control
- Internally motivated actions produce more lasting impact compared to externally motivated ones.
- Internal locus of control is aligned with using self-affirmations to manage self-esteem.
Self-Affirmations
- Expressions of positivity towards the self.
- Characteristics:
- Start with "I am"
- Positive (avoid "not")
- Short
- Specific
- Present tense
- Contain a feeling word
- About yourself
Self-Awareness Theory
- Individuals may become self-focused in certain situations.
- Increased self-awareness triggers comparisons between behaviour and personal standards.
- Negative discrepancies can result in reduced self-esteem.
Private vs Public Self-Consciousness
- Individuals differ in their level of self-focus, either privately or publicly.
- Privately self-conscious individuals focus on internal standards, while publicly self-conscious individuals align their behavior with social norms.
Self-Regulation Theory
- Refers to the process of controlling and altering thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and urges.
- Self-control is considered a limited resource that can be depleted by usage.
Self-Enhancement Theory
- People cope with their flaws and uncertainties through a tendency to hold themselves in high regard.
- This is referred to as implicit egotism.
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Description
Explore the concepts of self-esteem, including its definitions, influences, and its significant role in human behavior. This quiz delves into sociometer theory and terror management theory, shedding light on how acceptance and cultural perceptions shape our self-evaluations. Test your knowledge on the psychological aspects of self-esteem and its impact on well-being.
