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Questions and Answers
Who defined self-esteem as a feeling of self-worth in 1965?
Who defined self-esteem as a feeling of self-worth in 1965?
- Nathaniel Branden
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- Abraham Maslow
- Morris Rosenberg (correct)
What does Nathaniel Branden define self-esteem as?
What does Nathaniel Branden define self-esteem as?
The experience of being competent to cope with the basic challenges of life and being worthy of happiness.
The most stable self-esteem is based on _____ from others rather than on external fame.
The most stable self-esteem is based on _____ from others rather than on external fame.
deserved respect
What are the levels of Maslow's Pyramid in order?
What are the levels of Maslow's Pyramid in order?
According to Nathaniel Branden, self-esteem is the most important judgment we pass in our lives.
According to Nathaniel Branden, self-esteem is the most important judgment we pass in our lives.
What is self-esteem?
What is self-esteem?
What is NOT an association of high self-esteem?
What is NOT an association of high self-esteem?
List two risk factors associated with low self-esteem.
List two risk factors associated with low self-esteem.
Low self-esteem tends to continue due to _____ and _____ attributions.
Low self-esteem tends to continue due to _____ and _____ attributions.
What is one method for building self-esteem?
What is one method for building self-esteem?
What can be a positive experience remembered during a self-esteem exercise?
What can be a positive experience remembered during a self-esteem exercise?
Self-esteem is a result of a discrepancy between the importance of an area and one's perception of _____ in that area.
Self-esteem is a result of a discrepancy between the importance of an area and one's perception of _____ in that area.
Name at least one sign of low self-esteem.
Name at least one sign of low self-esteem.
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Study Notes
History of Self-Esteem
- Morris Rosenberg founded a widely used self-esteem measurement tool, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), in 1965.
- Nathaniel Branden in 1969 described self-esteem as the ability to cope with life's challenges and the feeling of deserving happiness.
Definitions of Self-Esteem
- Dr. Branden emphasized that self-esteem combines self-confidence (personal capacity) and self-respect (personal worth).
- Self-esteem reflects one's judgment about personal worthiness and capability, forming an essential aspect of one’s self-image.
Maslow's Perspectives
- Healthy self-esteem is derived from genuine respect from others instead of fleeting fame or superficial admiration.
- The hierarchy of needs includes physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
Importance of Self-Esteem
- Self-esteem influences mental health; higher self-esteem correlates with better emotional well-being, confidence, and adaptability.
- Low self-esteem links to various risk factors, such as depression, poor academic/job performance, and substance abuse.
Characteristics of Low Self-Esteem
- Individuals with low self-esteem may attribute success to external factors (luck) and failures to personal inadequacies.
- Self-handicapping strategies are often employed to excuse potential failures, while low goal-setting is prevalent to avoid disappointment.
Building Self-Esteem
- Self-esteem is cultivated through experiences, thoughts, and feelings throughout one's life, and can change at any age.
- Key exercises for building self-esteem include visualizing positive memories and recognizing one's achievements.
Indicators of Low Self-Esteem
- Signs include exaggerated bragging, self-criticism, peer influence, avoidance of challenges, and an inability to make decisions.
- Emotional instability and overreacting to minor setbacks are common, signaling deeper issues of self-worth.
Building Blocks of Self-Esteem
- Positive experiences that reinforce self-esteem typically fulfill essential emotional needs, such as security, selfhood, and affiliation.
- Feeling unique, appreciated, capable, and having a purpose enhances self-esteem and self-perception.
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