Questions and Answers
Who defined self-esteem as a feeling of self-worth in 1965?
What does Nathaniel Branden define self-esteem as?
The experience of being competent to cope with the basic challenges of life and being worthy of happiness.
The most stable self-esteem is based on _____ from others rather than on external fame.
deserved respect
What are the levels of Maslow's Pyramid in order?
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According to Nathaniel Branden, self-esteem is the most important judgment we pass in our lives.
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What is self-esteem?
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What is NOT an association of high self-esteem?
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List two risk factors associated with low self-esteem.
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Low self-esteem tends to continue due to _____ and _____ attributions.
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What is one method for building self-esteem?
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What can be a positive experience remembered during a self-esteem exercise?
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Self-esteem is a result of a discrepancy between the importance of an area and one's perception of _____ in that area.
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Name at least one sign of low self-esteem.
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Study Notes
History of Self-Esteem
- Morris Rosenberg founded a widely used self-esteem measurement tool, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), in 1965.
- Nathaniel Branden in 1969 described self-esteem as the ability to cope with life's challenges and the feeling of deserving happiness.
Definitions of Self-Esteem
- Dr. Branden emphasized that self-esteem combines self-confidence (personal capacity) and self-respect (personal worth).
- Self-esteem reflects one's judgment about personal worthiness and capability, forming an essential aspect of one’s self-image.
Maslow's Perspectives
- Healthy self-esteem is derived from genuine respect from others instead of fleeting fame or superficial admiration.
- The hierarchy of needs includes physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
Importance of Self-Esteem
- Self-esteem influences mental health; higher self-esteem correlates with better emotional well-being, confidence, and adaptability.
- Low self-esteem links to various risk factors, such as depression, poor academic/job performance, and substance abuse.
Characteristics of Low Self-Esteem
- Individuals with low self-esteem may attribute success to external factors (luck) and failures to personal inadequacies.
- Self-handicapping strategies are often employed to excuse potential failures, while low goal-setting is prevalent to avoid disappointment.
Building Self-Esteem
- Self-esteem is cultivated through experiences, thoughts, and feelings throughout one's life, and can change at any age.
- Key exercises for building self-esteem include visualizing positive memories and recognizing one's achievements.
Indicators of Low Self-Esteem
- Signs include exaggerated bragging, self-criticism, peer influence, avoidance of challenges, and an inability to make decisions.
- Emotional instability and overreacting to minor setbacks are common, signaling deeper issues of self-worth.
Building Blocks of Self-Esteem
- Positive experiences that reinforce self-esteem typically fulfill essential emotional needs, such as security, selfhood, and affiliation.
- Feeling unique, appreciated, capable, and having a purpose enhances self-esteem and self-perception.
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Description
Explore the intricate concepts surrounding self-esteem, starting from Morris Rosenberg's foundational scale to Nathaniel Branden's insights on personal worthiness and capability. Learn about Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the profound impact self-esteem has on mental health and emotional well-being.
