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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of incidence in the context of psychological disorders?
What is the definition of incidence in the context of psychological disorders?
Which term describes the anticipated course and outcome of a psychological disorder?
Which term describes the anticipated course and outcome of a psychological disorder?
What is the purpose of the Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) classification in psychological disorders?
What is the purpose of the Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) classification in psychological disorders?
What does a chronic course of disorder development imply?
What does a chronic course of disorder development imply?
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What age-related term describes a psychological disorder that appears suddenly?
What age-related term describes a psychological disorder that appears suddenly?
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Which term describes the specific symptoms that indicate a psychological disorder?
Which term describes the specific symptoms that indicate a psychological disorder?
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What is the primary focus of abnormal psychology?
What is the primary focus of abnormal psychology?
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In the context of abnormal psychology, what does 'prevalence' refer to?
In the context of abnormal psychology, what does 'prevalence' refer to?
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What is classified as a 'presenting problem'?
What is classified as a 'presenting problem'?
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Which of the following aspects is NOT typically associated with abnormal psychology?
Which of the following aspects is NOT typically associated with abnormal psychology?
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What might be a consequence of destructive beliefs held by society regarding mental disorders?
What might be a consequence of destructive beliefs held by society regarding mental disorders?
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Which example perfectly delineates a presenting problem in the context of abnormal psychology?
Which example perfectly delineates a presenting problem in the context of abnormal psychology?
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How does the approach to psychopathology differ from historical perspectives to present-day perspectives?
How does the approach to psychopathology differ from historical perspectives to present-day perspectives?
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What term describes when a person has significant impairment in a life area such as work or relationships?
What term describes when a person has significant impairment in a life area such as work or relationships?
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Which aspect of abnormality relates to emotional and psychological pain experienced by an individual?
Which aspect of abnormality relates to emotional and psychological pain experienced by an individual?
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In considering deviance, what is primarily determined?
In considering deviance, what is primarily determined?
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The possibility of causing harm to oneself or others is typically associated with which aspect of abnormality?
The possibility of causing harm to oneself or others is typically associated with which aspect of abnormality?
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Which of the following best captures the essence of abnormality according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders?
Which of the following best captures the essence of abnormality according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders?
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What might indicate a presenting problem in the context of abnormal psychology?
What might indicate a presenting problem in the context of abnormal psychology?
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Which of the following best describes the emotional state of Jennie, who feels sad but can still fulfill her responsibilities?
Which of the following best describes the emotional state of Jennie, who feels sad but can still fulfill her responsibilities?
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In the context of abnormal psychology, what does an increased risk of suffering, death, or impairment refer to?
In the context of abnormal psychology, what does an increased risk of suffering, death, or impairment refer to?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a dimension of abnormal behavior?
Which of the following is NOT considered a dimension of abnormal behavior?
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Which statement about psychological disorders is accurate?
Which statement about psychological disorders is accurate?
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What aspect of behavior must a psychological disorder meet to be considered clinically significant?
What aspect of behavior must a psychological disorder meet to be considered clinically significant?
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Which characteristic is excluded from the definition of a psychological disorder?
Which characteristic is excluded from the definition of a psychological disorder?
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Which of the following dimensions of abnormal behavior is related to actions that pose risk to oneself or others?
Which of the following dimensions of abnormal behavior is related to actions that pose risk to oneself or others?
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What major contribution did Emil Kraepelin make to psychiatry?
What major contribution did Emil Kraepelin make to psychiatry?
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Which treatment method is associated with Benjamin Rush?
Which treatment method is associated with Benjamin Rush?
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What was Philippe Pinel's view on the causes of mental illness?
What was Philippe Pinel's view on the causes of mental illness?
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What does the biological tradition in mental health treatment focus on?
What does the biological tradition in mental health treatment focus on?
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Who is recognized as the father of American psychiatry?
Who is recognized as the father of American psychiatry?
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What traditional belief involved balancing four bodily fluids?
What traditional belief involved balancing four bodily fluids?
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Which treatment method did Jake believe in, involving small shocks to the brain?
Which treatment method did Jake believe in, involving small shocks to the brain?
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What is one key characteristic of the supernatural tradition in mental health?
What is one key characteristic of the supernatural tradition in mental health?
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Study Notes
Understanding Psychopathology
- Abnormal psychology studies atypical behaviors in clinical contexts.
- It focuses on the nature, development, and treatment of psychological disorders.
- Abnormal behavior is linked to societal views on deviance and differences.
Key Terms in Abnormal Psychology
- Presenting Problem: Reason for referral, e.g., symptoms leading to diagnoses.
- Clinical Description: Combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that define a disorder, e.g., Major Depressive Disorder.
- Prevalence: Cases of a disorder in a population, e.g., 2,500 girls with anorexia nervosa.
- Incidence: New cases in a specific timeframe, e.g., 1,000 boys diagnosed with depression in the Philippines this year.
- Course: Development patterns of disorders (chronic, episodic, time-limited).
- Onset: Age when the disorder manifested (acute or insidious).
- Prognosis: Expected course of the disorder.
- Etiology: Study of origins of psychological disorders.
- Not Otherwise Specified (NOS): Subcategory in disorder classification for cases that don't meet specific criteria, now replaced by other specified or unspecified disorder in DSM-5.
Defining Normal and Abnormal Behavior
- Normal behavior aligns with societal patterns and cultural expectations.
- Abnormality is defined as dysfunctional behavior causing significant difficulty and distress, not culturally specific nor primarily due to social deviance.
Dimensions of Abnormality
- Dysfunction: Significant impairment in life areas such as work or relationships.
- Distress: Emotional responses like unhappiness or pain.
- Deviance: Behaviors that violate social norms and occur infrequently.
- Danger: Potential risk of self-harm or harm to others.
Definition of Psychological Disorders
- According to the DSM, psychological disorder involves clinically significant difficulties in thoughts, feelings, or behaviors with personal distress and dysfunction, not due to social deviance.
Assessment Examples
- Instances of distress or dysfunction are highlighted through personal cases such as Jennie's sadness while still functioning in daily life.
Historical Contexts of Psychological Treatment
- Biological Tradition: Founded by Emil Kraepelin, classified psychosis into manic depression and dementia praecox.
- Supernatural Tradition: Includes practices such as exorcism.
- Psychological Tradition: Advocated humane treatment methods, promoting sympathy and compassion.
Reforms in Mental Health Treatment
- Benjamin Rush: Father of American Psychiatry, viewed mental illness as a disease, promoting moral management focusing on social and occupational needs.
- Philippe Pinel: Pioneer of humane treatment for the mentally ill, believed in treating mental illness with empathy and compassion.
Notable Figures in Biological Approaches
- Ugo Cerletti and Lucio Bini are known for introducing electrical shocks in treatment methods.
- Bloodletting was an ancient practice thought to balance bodily fluids.
Summary of Abnormality
- Abnormality is a complex construct involving dysfunction, distress, deviance, and danger, with no single criterion fully defining it.
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Description
Test your knowledge on abnormal psychology and the essential concepts related to psychological disorders. This quiz covers key terms, their definitions, and significance in the clinical context, providing insights into how we understand and treat mental health issues.
