Understanding Natural Plasmids in Bacteria and Fungi
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Questions and Answers

How are natural plasmids primarily found?

  • In plants
  • In bacteria and fungi (correct)
  • In animals
  • In viruses

How are non-transmissible plasmids (like cloning vectors) inserted into cells?

  • Through bacterial conjugation
  • By naked DNA transmission
  • By inducing host cells to take up the plasmid DNA (correct)
  • Through natural transmission

What type of contact is required for natural transmission of plasmids?

  • Cell-free contact
  • Chemical contact
  • Cell-to-cell contact (correct)
  • Airborne contact

How does bacterial transformation differ from bacterial conjugation?

<p>Bacterial transformation involves inserting plasmid DNA into cells, while bacterial conjugation involves naked DNA transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method requires weakening the host cell wall and/or membrane to allow DNA entry into the cell?

<p>Bacterial transformation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do cells without plasmids grow the fastest?

<p>They compete with the host for metabolites. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the replication speed of a plasmid in a host cell?

<p>The type of ori in the plasmid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plasmids replicate independently of the host chromosome?

<p>Episomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes conjugative plasmids?

<p>They have tra genes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do non-conjugative plasmids differ from transmissible plasmids?

<p>They lack tra genes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does reducing antibiotic use have on the incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria?

<p>Decreases antibiotic resistance in bacteria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the deg plasmid found in Pseudomonas?

<p>Encodes gene products that can degrade certain hydrocarbons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plasmid encodes gene products required for nitrogen fixation?

<p>Nif-nod plasmid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the R factor (RTF factor) plasmid in E.coli and Salmonella?

<p>Encodes enzymes that inactivate certain antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common trait of transmissible plasmids like R factors?

<p>Carry antibiotic resistance genes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of antibiotic resistance genes carried by plasmids?

<p>Allow bacterial populations to become resistant to antibiotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are many antibiotic resistance genes located within when carried by plasmids?

<p>Transposons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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