Understanding Natural Plasmids in Bacteria and Fungi
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Questions and Answers

How are natural plasmids primarily found?

  • In plants
  • In bacteria and fungi (correct)
  • In animals
  • In viruses
  • How are non-transmissible plasmids (like cloning vectors) inserted into cells?

  • Through bacterial conjugation
  • By naked DNA transmission
  • By inducing host cells to take up the plasmid DNA (correct)
  • Through natural transmission
  • What type of contact is required for natural transmission of plasmids?

  • Cell-free contact
  • Chemical contact
  • Cell-to-cell contact (correct)
  • Airborne contact
  • How does bacterial transformation differ from bacterial conjugation?

    <p>Bacterial transformation involves inserting plasmid DNA into cells, while bacterial conjugation involves naked DNA transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method requires weakening the host cell wall and/or membrane to allow DNA entry into the cell?

    <p>Bacterial transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do cells without plasmids grow the fastest?

    <p>They compete with the host for metabolites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the replication speed of a plasmid in a host cell?

    <p>The type of ori in the plasmid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plasmids replicate independently of the host chromosome?

    <p>Episomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes conjugative plasmids?

    <p>They have tra genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do non-conjugative plasmids differ from transmissible plasmids?

    <p>They lack tra genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does reducing antibiotic use have on the incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria?

    <p>Decreases antibiotic resistance in bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the deg plasmid found in Pseudomonas?

    <p>Encodes gene products that can degrade certain hydrocarbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plasmid encodes gene products required for nitrogen fixation?

    <p>Nif-nod plasmid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the R factor (RTF factor) plasmid in E.coli and Salmonella?

    <p>Encodes enzymes that inactivate certain antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common trait of transmissible plasmids like R factors?

    <p>Carry antibiotic resistance genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of antibiotic resistance genes carried by plasmids?

    <p>Allow bacterial populations to become resistant to antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are many antibiotic resistance genes located within when carried by plasmids?

    <p>Transposons</p> Signup and view all the answers

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