31 Questions
Which type of polyneuropathy is characterized by gradual development, affects nerves throughout the body, and is often chronic?
Chronic Polyneuropathy
What are some common symptoms of polyneuropathy?
Numbness and tingling in the extremities, muscle weakness, and difficulty with coordination
Which test can help a doctor identify whether the nerves are damaged, causing sensory loss?
Skin Biopsy
What is the role of physiotherapy in polyneuropathy?
Improving quality of life through hands-on care, patient education, and prescribed movement
Which lifestyle change may help treat polyneuropathy?
Avoiding certain repetitive tasks
What is the main function of physical therapists in treating polyneuropathy?
Improving quality of life through hands-on care, patient education, and prescribed movement
What type of exercise is recommended for polyneuropathy conditions?
Moderate-intensity exercise
Which type of polyneuropathy is characterized by sudden onset with severe symptoms, typically caused by autoimmune reactions or infections?
Acute Polyneuropathy
What test measures how fast electrical impulses are moving through your muscles?
Nerve Conduction Study
Which type of polyneuropathy is characterized by damage to at least two nerve areas and may result from conditions like vasculitis, sarcoidosis, or cancer?
Multiple Mononeuropathy
Which test evaluates how the nerves and muscles work together by measuring electrical impulses along nerves, nerve roots, and muscles?
Electromyogram
Which medication can relieve severe pain associated with nerve irritation and inflammation?
Corticosteroids
What is the main cause of Multiple Sclerosis?
Environmental factors such as stress and smoking
How is Multiple Sclerosis clinically defined?
Two or more episodes of neurological dysfunction
What is the most common demographic affected by Multiple Sclerosis?
20-40 years old women
What imaging study is recommended for Multiple Sclerosis?
MRI with gadolinium of brain and spinal cord
What is the main characteristic symptom of Parkinson Disease?
Generalized slowing of movements (bradykinesia)
At what age does Parkinson Disease usually occur?
After the age of 50
Which is the second most common neurodegenerative condition after Alzheimer’s?
Parkinson Disease
What are the primary risk factors for Multiple Sclerosis?
Both genetic inheritance and environmental factors
How is Parkinson Disease primarily diagnosed?
Clinical symptoms and history
What treatment modality is commonly used for Multiple Sclerosis?
Immunomodulators such as corticosteroids and prophylactic immunosuppressants (interferon beta)
What are the common complications associated with Multiple Sclerosis?
Osteoporosis, gait abnormalities, and muscle spasticity
What type of disorder is Multiple Sclerosis?
Autoimmune disorder
What is the main characteristic of Parkinson's Disease (PD)?
Neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta
How is PD diagnosed?
By medical history and neurological examination
What is the main cause of Motor Neuron Diseases (MND)?
Genetic abnormalities
Which disease affects memory, communication, physical functioning, and understanding information from the senses?
Alzheimer's Disease (AD)
How is Alzheimer's Disease (AD) diagnosed?
Through signs and symptoms of mental decline
What is the treatment for Parkinson's Disease (PD)?
Dopamine agonists and enzyme inhibitors
Which type of neurons are affected by Motor Neuron Diseases (MND)?
Upper and lower motor neurons
Study Notes
- PD (Parkinson's Disease) is a disorder affecting the basal ganglia, particularly the dopaminergic tract, leading to neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta.
- PD diagnosis relies on medical history and neurological examination, as there are no specific blood or laboratory tests.
- PD treatment includes dopamine agonists, enzyme inhibitors, Amantadine, Anticholinergic drugs, and deep brain stimulation.
- AD (Alzheimer's Disease) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid-β accumulation, making up 60-80% of all dementias.
- AD affects memory (amnesia), communication (aphasia), physical functioning (apraxia), and understanding information from the senses (agnosia).
- AD diagnosis relies on signs and symptoms of mental decline, with routine laboratory tests showing no abnormality and CT brain revealing cerebral atrophy.
- MND (Motor Neuron Diseases) is a group of neurological conditions affecting motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord.
- MND damages upper and lower motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and eventually wasting.
- Causes of MND are unknown, with ongoing research focusing on viruses, toxins, genetics, inflammation, and nerve growth factors.
- MND can be hereditary and presents with various symptoms, such as muscle weakness, speech difficulties, and respiratory changes.
- MND diagnosis involves ruling out other conditions through blood tests, urine tests, MRI brain scans, nerve conduction studies, electromyography, and muscle biopsy.
- MND has no cure, but symptoms can be managed with medications, including muscle relaxants, pain relievers, and medications to help with breathing.
Test your knowledge about the causes, risk factors, and presentation of Multiple Sclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system.
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