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Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of brain damage in a stroke?
What is the primary cause of brain damage in a stroke?
- Inflammation of brain tissues
- Interruption of oxygen supply
- Infection of the cerebral cortex
- Interruption of blood flow (correct)
What is the term for a temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain?
What is the term for a temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain?
- Cerebral aneurysm
- Hemorrhagic stroke
- Transient Ischemic Attack (correct)
- Cerebrovascular accident
What is the main difference between an ischemic stroke and a hemorrhagic stroke?
What is the main difference between an ischemic stroke and a hemorrhagic stroke?
- Duration of the stroke
- Location of the stroke in the brain
- Severity of the stroke
- Cause of the stroke, whether it's a clot or a bleed (correct)
What is a common symptom of a TIA?
What is a common symptom of a TIA?
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What is the term for the study of disorders affecting the brain and nervous system?
What is the term for the study of disorders affecting the brain and nervous system?
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Study Notes
Neurological Disorders
Cerebrovascular Disorders
- Stroke: brain damage due to interruption of blood flow, can be ischemic (clot) or hemorrhagic (bleed)
- Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): temporary interruption of blood flow, lasts <24 hours
Demyelinating Disorders
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS): autoimmune disease causing demyelination of CNS, leading to motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments
- Guillain-Barré Syndrome: autoimmune disorder causing demyelination of peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis
Movement Disorders
- Parkinson's Disease: neurodegenerative disorder causing motor symptoms (tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia) due to dopamine deficiency
- Huntington's Disease: autosomal dominant disorder causing chorea (involuntary movements) and cognitive decline
Infections and Inflammatory Disorders
- Meningitis: infection of meninges, can be bacterial or viral
- Encephalitis: infection of brain tissue, can be viral or bacterial
- Abscesses: pockets of infection in the brain
Neurodegenerative Disorders
- Alzheimer's Disease: progressive cognitive decline due to amyloid plaques and tau protein accumulation
- Frontotemporal Dementia: progressive cognitive decline due to atrophy of frontal and temporal lobes
Seizure Disorders
- Epilepsy: chronic condition characterized by recurrent seizures
- Status Epilepticus: prolonged seizure lasting >30 minutes
Headache Disorders
- Migraine: recurrent headaches with aura, sensitivity to light and sound
- Tension Headache: most common type of headache, caused by muscle tension
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social, communication, and behavioral impairments
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
Neurological Disorders
Cerebrovascular Disorders
- Stroke: occurs when brain damage results from interrupted blood flow to the brain, which can be caused by two primary mechanisms:
- Ischemic stroke: blood clot blocks an artery, restricting blood flow
- Hemorrhagic stroke: ruptured blood vessel causes bleeding in the brain
- Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain, often referred to as a "mini-stroke", lasting
- Brief, reversible neurological dysfunction due to temporary blockage of a blood vessel supplying the brain
- Can serve as a warning sign for a potential future stroke
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