Podcast
Questions and Answers
A student with average to above-average intelligence consistently struggles with reading comprehension and following multi-step instructions, but excels in hands-on problem-solving. Which condition is MOST likely indicated by this discrepancy?
A student with average to above-average intelligence consistently struggles with reading comprehension and following multi-step instructions, but excels in hands-on problem-solving. Which condition is MOST likely indicated by this discrepancy?
- A communication disorder
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- A learning disability (LD) (correct)
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
For a student with a learning disability, which academic task generally represents the GREATEST challenge?
For a student with a learning disability, which academic task generally represents the GREATEST challenge?
- Completing simple reading comprehension worksheets
- Copying notes from the board
- Solving complex math problems requiring multiple steps and integrated skills (correct)
- Memorizing math facts
Which strategy would be MOST effective for an adult with a learning disability seeking accommodations in the workplace?
Which strategy would be MOST effective for an adult with a learning disability seeking accommodations in the workplace?
- Avoiding disclosure of their disability to prevent potential discrimination
- Relying solely on their own coping mechanisms without seeking external support
- Developing self-advocacy skills to communicate their needs and utilizing assistive technologies (correct)
- Expecting employers to automatically understand and provide necessary accommodations without being informed
How did IDEIA 2004 MOST significantly change the process of identifying students with learning disabilities?
How did IDEIA 2004 MOST significantly change the process of identifying students with learning disabilities?
A teacher is working with a student with a learning disability. Which instructional strategy would likely be MOST effective in supporting the student's learning?
A teacher is working with a student with a learning disability. Which instructional strategy would likely be MOST effective in supporting the student's learning?
Which of the following instructional techniques would be MOST beneficial for students with learning disabilities, based on general best practices?
Which of the following instructional techniques would be MOST beneficial for students with learning disabilities, based on general best practices?
A student consistently struggles to stay focused, frequently interrupts others, and has difficulty remaining seated in class. What condition is MOST likely indicated by these behaviors?
A student consistently struggles to stay focused, frequently interrupts others, and has difficulty remaining seated in class. What condition is MOST likely indicated by these behaviors?
A student is primarily inattentive, struggles to complete tasks, and has difficulty organizing activities, but does not exhibit hyperactive or impulsive behaviors. According to established classifications, which type of ADHD does this student MOST likely have?
A student is primarily inattentive, struggles to complete tasks, and has difficulty organizing activities, but does not exhibit hyperactive or impulsive behaviors. According to established classifications, which type of ADHD does this student MOST likely have?
Which professional is primarily responsible for diagnosing communication disorders?
Which professional is primarily responsible for diagnosing communication disorders?
At what age should a child's speech be nearly 100% intelligible to unfamiliar listeners, assuming typical speech development?
At what age should a child's speech be nearly 100% intelligible to unfamiliar listeners, assuming typical speech development?
A student's speech is characterized by frequent repetitions and prolongations of sounds, disrupting the flow of their speech. Which type of fluency disorder is MOST likely indicated by these symptoms?
A student's speech is characterized by frequent repetitions and prolongations of sounds, disrupting the flow of their speech. Which type of fluency disorder is MOST likely indicated by these symptoms?
You are concerned about a student's communication skills. What is the MOST appropriate FIRST step to take?
You are concerned about a student's communication skills. What is the MOST appropriate FIRST step to take?
Which of the following techniques would be MOST helpful in facilitating speech development in a young child?
Which of the following techniques would be MOST helpful in facilitating speech development in a young child?
A student with a learning disability is consistently late to class, misses assignment deadlines, and struggles to keep their materials organized. These challenges MOST directly impact which area?
A student with a learning disability is consistently late to class, misses assignment deadlines, and struggles to keep their materials organized. These challenges MOST directly impact which area?
Effective teaching strategies for students with learning disabilities often involve differentiated teaching methods. Which of the following BEST exemplifies differentiated instruction?
Effective teaching strategies for students with learning disabilities often involve differentiated teaching methods. Which of the following BEST exemplifies differentiated instruction?
A student exhibits both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. What type of ADHD presentation is this?
A student exhibits both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. What type of ADHD presentation is this?
A child's speech is only about 50% intelligible to unfamiliar listeners. Approximately how old is this child MOST likely to be?
A child's speech is only about 50% intelligible to unfamiliar listeners. Approximately how old is this child MOST likely to be?
A student's speech is characterized by a rapid and irregular rate, which reduces overall clarity. What type of fluency disorder does this describe?
A student's speech is characterized by a rapid and irregular rate, which reduces overall clarity. What type of fluency disorder does this describe?
After documenting concerns and consulting with colleagues about a student's potential communication disorder, what is the next BEST step a teacher should take?
After documenting concerns and consulting with colleagues about a student's potential communication disorder, what is the next BEST step a teacher should take?
A teacher uses expansion techniques to facilitate speech development. What does this technique involve?
A teacher uses expansion techniques to facilitate speech development. What does this technique involve?
Flashcards
Learning Disability (LD)
Learning Disability (LD)
Unexpected difficulties in specific academic areas despite average or above-average intelligence.
Progression of Academic Challenges
Progression of Academic Challenges
Difficulties progress from mild in specific subjects to significant struggles affecting multiple areas.
Adults with Learning Disabilities
Adults with Learning Disabilities
Continual struggles with reading, writing, and organization impacting employment and daily activities. Coping strategies and self-advocacy are key.
IDEIA 2004 Impact
IDEIA 2004 Impact
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LD Teaching Strategies
LD Teaching Strategies
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Initial Signs of ADHD
Initial Signs of ADHD
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ADHD-I Characteristics
ADHD-I Characteristics
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ADHD-H Characteristics
ADHD-H Characteristics
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ADHD-C Definition
ADHD-C Definition
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Communication Disorders
Communication Disorders
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Who Diagnoses Communication Disorders?
Who Diagnoses Communication Disorders?
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Types of Fluency Disorders
Types of Fluency Disorders
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Steps for Communication Concerns
Steps for Communication Concerns
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Study Notes
- Students with learning disabilities (LD) typically show unexpected difficulties in specific academic areas despite having average or above-average intelligence.
- A student who reads below grade level, struggles with comprehension, and has difficulty following multi-step instructions, but shows strong problem-solving skills, may have a learning disability.
- It’s important to observe patterns of underachievement that are not consistent with the student’s overall cognitive abilities.
Academic Challenges for Students with Learning Disabilities
- Academic challenges vary widely among students with learning disabilities.
- Challenges may progress from mild difficulties in specific subjects (e.g., spelling or math facts) to more significant struggles affecting multiple areas.
- The greatest challenges often involve tasks requiring integration of multiple skills, like writing essays or solving complex math problems.
Adults with Learning Disabilities
- Adults with learning disabilities may continue to experience difficulties with reading, writing, organization, and time management.
- These challenges can impact employment, higher education, and daily life activities.
- Many adults develop coping strategies and use assistive technologies to manage their disabilities effectively.
- Awareness and self-advocacy are crucial for accessing necessary accommodations in the workplace and other settings.
IDEIA 2004 and Identification of Students with Learning Disabilities
- The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) of 2004 introduced significant changes in the identification of learning disabilities.
- IDEIA allowed states to move away from the discrepancy model, which required a significant gap between intellectual ability and academic achievement.
- IDEIA permitted the use of Response to Intervention (RTI) as part of the evaluation process.
- RTI emphasizes early intervention and monitoring student progress to identify learning disabilities.
Teaching Strategies for Students with Learning Disabilities
- Effective strategies include explicit instruction, differentiated teaching methods, use of graphic organizers, and incorporating multisensory approaches.
- Providing clear, step-by-step instructions and offering frequent feedback can enhance understanding.
- Fostering a supportive classroom environment that encourages self-advocacy and uses assistive technology can be beneficial.
Instructional Techniques
- Instructional techniques for students with learning disabilities often encompass direct instruction, scaffolded support, use of visual aids, and breaking tasks into manageable parts.
- Collaborative learning and teaching metacognitive strategies can also support student success.
Initial Identification of a Student with ADHD/ADD
- Initial identification involves observing behaviors like inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that are inconsistent with developmental levels.
- Teachers may notice difficulties in sustaining attention, following instructions, or staying seated.
- These observations should lead to a referral for a comprehensive evaluation by a qualified professional.
Types of ADHD/ADD
- Predominantly Inattentive Presentation (ADHD-I): Characterized by difficulties sustaining attention, following through on tasks, and organizing activities.
- Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation (ADHD-H): Involves excessive fidgeting, interrupting others, and difficulty remaining seated.
- Combined Presentation (ADHD-C): Displays both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.
Communication Disorders
- Communication disorders encompass difficulties in speech, language, and hearing that can affect academic performance and social interactions.
- Understanding the nature and impact of these disorders is essential for developing effective instructional strategies and supports.
Diagnosing Communication Disorders
- Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are primarily responsible for diagnosing communication disorders.
- They conduct comprehensive assessments to identify the type and severity of the disorder and recommend appropriate interventions.
Speech Development Percentages of Intelligibility by Age
- By age 2: Speech is approximately 50% intelligible to unfamiliar listeners.
- By age 3: Speech is about 75% intelligible.
- By age 4: Speech is nearly 100% intelligible, though some articulation errors may persist.
Types of Fluency Disorders
- Stuttering: Characterized by repetitions, prolongations, or blocks that disrupt the normal flow of speech.
- Cluttering: Involves rapid and/or irregular speech rate, resulting in reduced speech clarity.
Steps to Take When Concerned About a Student's Communication
- Document Observations: Record specific instances of communication difficulties.
- Consult with Colleagues: Discuss concerns with other educators or specialists.
- Engage with Parents/Guardians: Share observations and gather insights about the child’s communication in different settings.
- Refer to a Specialist: Recommend an evaluation by a speech-language pathologist for a comprehensive assessment.
Facilitating Speech Development
- Modeling: Demonstrate correct speech patterns and articulation.
- Expansion: Expand on the child’s utterances to model more complex language structures
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