Unit 2.8 AP Psychology

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does the Flynn Effect refer to?

The impact of early education on future intelligence levels

The rise in IQ scores observed over the past several decades (correct)

A method for calculating IQ based on environment

A decrease in average IQ scores due to social stressors

Which psychometric principle ensures that test results are consistent across multiple administrations?

Validity

Construct focus

Standardization

Reliability (correct)

What is a primary concern associated with stereotype threat?

It can enhance performance through increased pressure.

It can adversely affect performance due to anxiety. (correct)

It increases the accuracy of standardized test scores.

It eliminates biases in academic testing.

In the context of intelligence testing, what does a fixed mindset imply?

Intellectual capability is seen as predetermined and unalterable. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of creating socio-culturally responsive assessments?

To reduce the impact of stereotype threat and inequity. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of test that measures what someone already knows?

Achievement Test Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the criticisms regarding the use of IQ tests in educational and job settings?

They can reinforce social inequalities based on score interpretation. Signup and view all the answers

Which example illustrates a higher mental age in calculating IQ?

A child aged 8 with a mental age of 10. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of intelligence encompasses abilities such as problem-solving and adaptability to new situations?

General Intelligence Signup and view all the answers

What historical method was used to calculate IQ scores?

Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the concept of general ability (g)?

It represents the common underlying factor across cognitive tasks. Signup and view all the answers

What does a high IQ score indicate?

An individual's relative standing among their peers. Signup and view all the answers

What is predictive validity concerned with?

The correlation between test scores and future performance. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reliability measures the stability of test results over time?

Test-retest reliability Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes stereotype threat?

Diminished performance due to fear of stereotype confirmation. Signup and view all the answers

The Flynn Effect suggests that IQ scores have been

Increasing on average across generations. Signup and view all the answers

Achievement tests are primarily designed to measure what?

Knowledge and proficiency in specific subjects. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of validity?

Construct reliability Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with a fixed mindset typically

Believe intelligence is largely unchangeable. Signup and view all the answers

What does split-half reliability assess?

Correlation between the two halves of a test. Signup and view all the answers

Stereotype lift positively influences performance primarily by

Reaffirming positive group stereotypes. Signup and view all the answers

Standardization is essential for what reason?

To enable comparison of scores across different groups. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of a test does construct validity primarily evaluate?

The degree to which it captures the intended theoretical concept. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Defining and Measuring Intelligence

Intelligence is a complex and debated concept, with researchers differing on whether it's a single general ability (g) or multiple specific abilities.
Early intelligence tests calculated IQ by dividing mental age by chronological age.
Modern IQ scores are often used to identify students for educational support programs.
Example: A 10-year-old's mental age with an 8-year-old chronological age would have an IQ of 125.

Psychometric Principles for Intelligence Tests

Standardized tests ensure fairness by using consistent procedures and environments.
Example: Consistent administration in quiet conditions.
Valid tests accurately measure what they aim to assess.
Example: An intelligence test must measure intellectual ability, not unrelated traits.
Reliable tests yield similar results upon repeated administration
Example: Consistent scores on repeated administrations.

Socio-Cultural Responsiveness in Assessment

Tests should be socio-culturally responsive to reduce potential bias.
Stereotype threat negatively impacts performance due to social group stereotypes.
Example: Students may underperform due to fears of confirming negative stereotypes.

The Flynn Effect

The Flynn Effect is the rise in average IQ scores over recent decades.
Possible factors contributing to this include higher socioeconomic status, improved healthcare, and better nutrition.

Within and Between-Group Variability in IQ Scores

IQ scores vary more within groups than between groups.
Personal and sociocultural biases affect interpretations and outcomes.
Example: Poverty, discrimination, and lack of educational opportunities hinder intelligence scores.

Academic Tests and Mindset

Achievement tests measure existing knowledge.
Example: A final exam assesses subject knowledge in a course.
Aptitude tests predict future performance.
Example: The SAT aims to predict future academic success.
Mindset can significantly influence academic success.

Fixed vs. Growth Mindset

Fixed mindset: Believes intelligence is static and unchangeable.
Example: Believing you can't improve in a subject due to inherent limitations.
Growth mindset: Believes intelligence can develop with effort and experience.
Example: Believing practice and effort can improve skills.

General Ability (g) and IQ

General ability (g) is a theoretical construct representing the common factor in diverse cognitive tasks.
IQ is a standardized measure of intelligence derived from test performance.

Psychometric Concepts (Validity, Reliability, Standardization)

Standardization establishes norms and uniform procedures for administering and scoring tests.
Validity measures what a test claims to measure. It has different types.
Construct validity: Measures the intended theoretical construct.
Predictive validity predicts future performance.
Reliability measures test consistency over time. It has different types.
Test-retest reliability: Consistency over repeated administrations.
Split-half reliability: Measures internal consistency by dividing the test in half.

Stereotype Threat and Stereotype Lift

Stereotype threat is the risk of performing poorly due to fear of confirming negative stereotypes about one's social group.
Stereotype lift is the improvement in performance due to awareness of positive stereotypes.

Academic Testing: Achievement and Aptitude Tests

Achievement tests measure existing knowledge.
Aptitude tests predict future performance.

Mindset and Academic Achievement

Fixed mindset, the belief that intelligence is static, diminishes the drive to improve.
Growth mindset, the belief that intelligence is malleable, fosters perseverance and motivation.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the concepts of intelligence and the principles underlying psychometric testing. This quiz covers definitions, historical approaches to IQ, and modern applications in educational support. Assess your understanding of the socio-cultural factors that impact intelligence assessment.