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Questions and Answers
Who introduced the concept of phrenology?
Who introduced the concept of phrenology?
What does phrenology primarily claim about the brain?
What does phrenology primarily claim about the brain?
Which major contributor to phrenology developed a two-volume system?
Which major contributor to phrenology developed a two-volume system?
What scientific concept did Gall and Spurzheim recognize that contributed to psychology's foundation?
What scientific concept did Gall and Spurzheim recognize that contributed to psychology's foundation?
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In which locations did Francis Galton's Anthropometric Laboratory operate?
In which locations did Francis Galton's Anthropometric Laboratory operate?
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What types of measurements did Galton's Anthropometric Laboratory provide?
What types of measurements did Galton's Anthropometric Laboratory provide?
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Which individual is credited with promoting phrenology widely along with Gall?
Which individual is credited with promoting phrenology widely along with Gall?
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What was the primary goal of Francis Galton when he established his laboratory?
What was the primary goal of Francis Galton when he established his laboratory?
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What are the two distinct forms of intelligence according to the Cattell-Horn-Carroll Model?
What are the two distinct forms of intelligence according to the Cattell-Horn-Carroll Model?
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Which of the following is considered a Stratum II ability in the CHC Theory?
Which of the following is considered a Stratum II ability in the CHC Theory?
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Which ability is responsible for problem-solving in the CHC Model?
Which ability is responsible for problem-solving in the CHC Model?
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In the context of Wechsler scales, which specific ability is assessed through tasks like digit span and arithmetic?
In the context of Wechsler scales, which specific ability is assessed through tasks like digit span and arithmetic?
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How does the Cattell-Horn-Carroll Theory categorize cognitive abilities?
How does the Cattell-Horn-Carroll Theory categorize cognitive abilities?
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Which ability is assessed by the task of symbol search in the Wechsler scales?
Which ability is assessed by the task of symbol search in the Wechsler scales?
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What does Stratum III of the CHC Theory represent?
What does Stratum III of the CHC Theory represent?
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Which of the following is NOT classified as a broad ability under Stratum II?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a broad ability under Stratum II?
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What was the primary purpose of the Army Beta test?
What was the primary purpose of the Army Beta test?
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How were the Alpha and Beta tests differentiated in terms of administration?
How were the Alpha and Beta tests differentiated in terms of administration?
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What scoring system was utilized for the Alpha Beta intelligence tests?
What scoring system was utilized for the Alpha Beta intelligence tests?
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What role did Wechsler emphasize in his clinical contributions?
What role did Wechsler emphasize in his clinical contributions?
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What was one of the major challenges faced by Yerkes’s division during the testing process?
What was one of the major challenges faced by Yerkes’s division during the testing process?
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What prompted the development of the new adult intelligence test by Wechsler?
What prompted the development of the new adult intelligence test by Wechsler?
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How many participants were included in the standardization sample for Wechsler's test?
How many participants were included in the standardization sample for Wechsler's test?
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What is the top level of Carroll's hierarchical model of intelligence?
What is the top level of Carroll's hierarchical model of intelligence?
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What was one limitation of the Army mental tests in evaluating recruits?
What was one limitation of the Army mental tests in evaluating recruits?
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What was the intended outcome of the military's intelligence testing program?
What was the intended outcome of the military's intelligence testing program?
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What significant development did Wechsler introduce in the IQ scoring system?
What significant development did Wechsler introduce in the IQ scoring system?
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What measurement did William Stern propose for intelligence?
What measurement did William Stern propose for intelligence?
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How quickly were intelligence ratings typically reported after the tests?
How quickly were intelligence ratings typically reported after the tests?
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Which event initiated Wechsler's project for developing the Bellevue Intelligence Scale?
Which event initiated Wechsler's project for developing the Bellevue Intelligence Scale?
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Which intelligence model combines aspects of Cattell and Horn's theories along with Carroll's contributions?
Which intelligence model combines aspects of Cattell and Horn's theories along with Carroll's contributions?
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What was a significant aspect of scoring that impacted recruits' assessments?
What was a significant aspect of scoring that impacted recruits' assessments?
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What was a key aspect of the Bellevue Intelligence Scale's subtest structure?
What was a key aspect of the Bellevue Intelligence Scale's subtest structure?
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What was the original purpose of the Simon-Binet scale introduced in 1905?
What was the original purpose of the Simon-Binet scale introduced in 1905?
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When was the Bellevue Intelligence Scale published?
When was the Bellevue Intelligence Scale published?
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What was David Wechsler's status during his draft registration in April 1917?
What was David Wechsler's status during his draft registration in April 1917?
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What did Lewis Terman contribute to the field of intelligence testing?
What did Lewis Terman contribute to the field of intelligence testing?
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What is the new IQ formula proposed by Terman?
What is the new IQ formula proposed by Terman?
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What role did Wechsler hold at NYU College of Medicine by 1941?
What role did Wechsler hold at NYU College of Medicine by 1941?
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What type of tests was Wechsler trained on during his military service?
What type of tests was Wechsler trained on during his military service?
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By 2009, how many broad ability factors did McGrew list in relation to Carroll's intelligence model?
By 2009, how many broad ability factors did McGrew list in relation to Carroll's intelligence model?
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What significant event happened for Wechsler in June 1918?
What significant event happened for Wechsler in June 1918?
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At what location did Wechsler conduct psychological assessments during World War I?
At what location did Wechsler conduct psychological assessments during World War I?
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How did Goddard's contribution impact the intelligence scale?
How did Goddard's contribution impact the intelligence scale?
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What idea did Wechsler develop during his time as an Army mental test examiner?
What idea did Wechsler develop during his time as an Army mental test examiner?
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Where did Wechsler work after returning from his travels in Europe post-World War I?
Where did Wechsler work after returning from his travels in Europe post-World War I?
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What risks did Wechsler face due to his noncitizen status during the draft?
What risks did Wechsler face due to his noncitizen status during the draft?
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What was Wechsler's discharge status after his military service?
What was Wechsler's discharge status after his military service?
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which sentences are true for the Pearson correlation
which sentences are true for the Pearson correlation
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"when the temperature increases the ice cream is sold increases too" is a positive covariance
"when the temperature increases the ice cream is sold increases too" is a positive covariance
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what measures in a set of values the dispersion/variation (from the mean)
what measures in a set of values the dispersion/variation (from the mean)
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The Wechsler Intelligence Scales measure the factors: Verbal comprehension; visual-spatial abilities; Working memory and processing speed
The Wechsler Intelligence Scales measure the factors: Verbal comprehension; visual-spatial abilities; Working memory and processing speed
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Which of the following intelligence tests are suitable for children
Which of the following intelligence tests are suitable for children
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Spearmans rank-order correlation was suitable for ordinal, interval, ratio scales and non linear monotonic data
Spearmans rank-order correlation was suitable for ordinal, interval, ratio scales and non linear monotonic data
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Behavioural Genetics is:
Behavioural Genetics is:
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in behavioural genetics the inheritance of behavioural traits is often gathered through the use of twin study or adoption study
in behavioural genetics the inheritance of behavioural traits is often gathered through the use of twin study or adoption study
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allocate the features to Pearsons or Spearmans correlation
allocate the features to Pearsons or Spearmans correlation
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where is the Heritability statistics used
where is the Heritability statistics used
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which are main Types of psychological tests
which are main Types of psychological tests
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Aptitude tests measure traits, qualities or behaviours that determine a persons individuality such test include f.e. projective techniquess
Aptitude tests measure traits, qualities or behaviours that determine a persons individuality such test include f.e. projective techniquess
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which psychological test fits for this description: Measure a individusld preference for certain activities or topics and thereby help determine occupational choice
which psychological test fits for this description: Measure a individusld preference for certain activities or topics and thereby help determine occupational choice
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Study Notes
History of Psychology: Session 10 - Psychological Testing
- Session 10 focused on the history of psychological testing, especially intelligence testing.
- Key objectives included identifying major events in the field, related statistical methods, and associated controversies.
- The development of psychological testing involved three main phases: devising measures of mental capacity, creating systems for comparing individuals (norms, scales), and developing methods for evaluating relationships between test scores and predictive criteria.
- Psychological testing involves the administration of psychological tests, which are standardized measures of behavioral samples.
- These tests assess various constructs, such as academic achievement, cognitive ability, aptitude, emotional functioning, and personality.
- Psychometrics is the science behind psychological testing, focusing on test development, validation, and application.
Main Types of Psychological Tests
- Intelligence Tests: Measure overall cognitive abilities relevant to academic or occupational potential.
- Aptitude Tests: Assess specific skills or task capabilities.
- Achievement Tests: Evaluate learning or accomplishment in a subject or task.
- Creativity Tests: Measure the capacity for novel and unconventional thinking.
- Personality Tests: Assess individual traits and behaviors.
- Interest Inventories: Measure preferences for activities or topics, aiding career choices.
- Behavioral Procedures: Observe and document behaviors, antecedents, and consequences.
- Neuropsychological Tests: Assess cognitive, sensory, perceptual, and motor functions to identify brain damage.
From Mental Tests to Latent Constructs
- Three key developments shaped the evolution of modern psychological testing:
- Developing methods to measure mental capacity.
- Establishing methods to compare individuals (norms, scores).
- Developing methodologies for assessing links between tests and predictive criteria.
- This interaction between psychology and statistics contributed to the longevity of the field.
Pioneers in Psychological Testing
- Franz Joseph Gall: Introduced cranioscopy, later known as phrenology, laying the groundwork for psychological measurement.
- Johann Gaspar Spurzheim: Prominent proponent of phrenology.
- George Combe: Popularized phrenology and developed a two-volume system.
- Francis Galton: Established the anthropometric laboratory to collect physical measurements and tests, pioneered test batteries and statistical methods (correlation and regression).
- James McKeen Cattell: Established a psychological laboratory in the U.S., combined physical and mental tests.
The Binet-Simon Scale
- Created by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon.
- Intended to identify children with learning difficulties.
- Developed a series of tasks to evaluate different cognitive abilities.
- Introduced a graded approach to measure mental level in children (mental age).
- Its translation and adaptation by Henry H. Goddard significantly impacted the use of intelligence testing in the US.
Stanford-Binet Scale
- Terman adapted Binet's test.
- Became the widely used intelligence test in the U.S.
- Improved standardization and structure.
- Terman's work significantly influenced educational practices related to student grouping and curricula.
Army Alpha and Beta Tests
- Developed during WWI for large-scale assessment of army recruits.
- Standardized, group-administered tests.
- The Alpha test was for literate recruits, while Beta was for those with limited literacy or English proficiency.
- Provided significant data for personnel decisions and highlighted the applicability of psychological testing in substantial contexts.
- Revealed the presence of intelligence differences among recruits.
Wechsler Intelligence Scales
- Developed by David Wechsler to address limitations of existing intelligence tests for adults.
- Introduced deviation IQ scores (standard scores based on statistical comparisons to the normative sample) rather than a ratio of mental to chronological age.
Progressive Matrices
- Developed by John Raven, this non-verbal test assesses fluid intelligence.
- Employs matrices with missing elements for subjects to identify patterns and solve for the missing piece.
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Description
Explore the significant milestones in psychological testing, including intelligence testing, in this informative session. We'll delve into the development phases, key statistical methods, and ongoing controversies in the field. Gain insights into the nature and purpose of various psychological tests and the science of psychometrics.
