Understanding Incomplete Proteins and Mutual Supplementation
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Understanding Incomplete Proteins and Mutual Supplementation

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the body's energy needs does the brain use at rest?

  • ~10%
  • ~50%
  • ~20%
  • ~35% (correct)
  • Which amino acids are used to supply glucose during times of low carbohydrate intake and low blood glucose levels?

  • Ketogenic amino acids
  • Essential amino acids
  • Glucogenic amino acids (correct)
  • Non-essential amino acids
  • What is the main source of energy for cells?

  • Carbohydrates and proteins
  • Proteins
  • Fats and proteins
  • Fats and carbohydrates (correct)
  • Which food item is the most protein-dense?

    <p>Water-packed tuna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of antibodies in the body?

    <p>Respond to foreign invaders in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when there is inadequate protein intake?

    <p>The function of the immune system is compromised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy content of proteins per gram?

    <p>4 kcal/gram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component do proteins not store in the body unlike carbohydrates and fats?

    <p>Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the repeating units of proteins made of?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of proteins contributes to immune function?

    <p>Contribution to body fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of enzymes, a type of protein?

    <p>Speeding up chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essential amino acid in lowest concentration in a food referred to as?

    <p>Limiting aa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended percentage of protein intake as essential amino acids for adults?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can combining plant proteins through mutual supplementation provide?

    <p>A full complement of essential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of consuming plant-based protein foods?

    <p>Fiber content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to proteins when denaturation occurs?

    <p>Altered 3-D shape and loss of function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of protein intake as essential amino acids do infants and preschoolers require to support growth?

    <p>32-43%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are di- and tri-peptides absorbed into intestinal cells?

    <p>By different carriers than those used for single amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to intact proteins in adult life under normal conditions?

    <p>They do not get absorbed into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences protein quality?

    <p>Completeness and amino acid profile relative to human needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of blood proteins such as albumin and globulins?

    <p>Maintain body fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in food allergy compared to food intolerance?

    <p>Involves an immune response to a protein in food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are proteins in cell membranes involved in nutrient absorption?

    <p>Act as receptors, pumps, and carriers for absorption of nutrients into cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is considered essential and cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by the body?

    <p>Histidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does deamination, the loss of an amino group from an amino acid, primarily occur?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the quality of dietary proteins?

    <p>Nitrogen retention and support for body growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do complete proteins provide in adequate quantities?

    <p>All essential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of amino acids can become conditionally essential under certain conditions?

    <p>$ ext{Non-essential}$ amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of proteins in the structure of muscles, tendons, ligaments, hair, skin, and nails?

    <p>Provide structural support and integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key principle to follow for weight loss strategies?

    <p>Adequacy, balance, kcalorie control, moderation, and variety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended lower limit for daily calorie intake to avoid restricted food selections?

    <p>~1500-1800 kcal/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a proposed way to attain a desirable BMI according to the text?

    <p>Increase physical activity to a moderately intense level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided in the pursuit of weight loss according to the text?

    <p>&quot;Quick fix&quot; herbal or other remedies marketed for weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Amino Acids and Proteins: Key Concepts

    • Proteins are essential for cell repair, hormone production, blood transport, immune function, and the structure of muscles, tendons, ligaments, hair, skin, and nails.
    • They supply nitrogen in a form usable by humans and are found in both plant and animal sources.
    • Proteins constitute a major part of lean body mass, including muscle, bone, organs, connective tissue, and skin.
    • The quantity and quality of dietary protein sources need to be considered.
    • Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, with some also containing sulfur atoms.
    • Different side chains in amino acids result in different properties for each amino acid.
    • Essential amino acids, which cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by the body, include histidine, lysine, threonine, and others.
    • Non-essential amino acids can be obtained from the diet or synthesized in the body.
    • Some amino acids become conditionally essential under certain conditions, such as critical illness.
    • Protein turnover involves the recycling of amino acids in the body, reducing the need for larger quantities of dietary protein.
    • Deamination, the loss of an amino group from an amino acid, occurs mostly in the liver and is essential for energy production.
    • The quality of dietary proteins is determined by their nitrogen retention and how well they support body growth. Complete proteins, found in animal foods, provide all essential amino acids in adequate quantities.

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    Related Documents

    23F-Proteins Notes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on incomplete proteins and mutual supplementation, which involves combining plant proteins to provide a full complement of essential amino acids. Learn about the concept of limiting amino acids and how to ensure vital body protein synthesis continues.

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